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World History

World History. Unit 3 An Age of Exchange and Encounter: 500 to A.D. 1500. Chapter 14 The Formation of Western Europe, 800 - 1500 A.D. Section 2 Trades, Towns, and Financial Revolution. Trades, Towns, and Financial Revolution. Objectives To describe medieval advances in agriculture.

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World History

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  1. World History Unit 3 An Age of Exchange and Encounter: 500 to A.D. 1500

  2. Chapter 14The Formation of Western Europe, 800 - 1500 A.D. Section 2 Trades, Towns, and Financial Revolution

  3. Trades, Towns, and Financial Revolution Objectives • To describe medieval advances in agriculture. • To identify reasons for the expansion of trade and finance in the Middle Ages. • To describe how the growth of trade encouraged the growth of medieval towns. • To explain the new interest in learning in the Middle Ages. • Vocabulary:three-field system, guild, burgher, vernacular, Dante Alighieri, Geoffrey Chaucer, Thomas Aquinas, scholastics

  4. Growing Food Supply Europe – 100-1300 AD • Agriculture, trade, finance • Agriculture • Warming climate • Improved harness for horses • Horses replace oxen • Plow more land daily • Three-field system – 800 AD • Winter and spring harvests • 2/3 year growing season • Increased food production • Results • Support larger population • Raise larger families • Clearing of forest land

  5. Trade and Finance Expand Trade Rejuvenation – 1000 AD • Fairs • Towns as primary trade posts • Replacement of manors • Guild • Trade union • Apprentice / journeyman • Controlled prices and wages • Enforced standards of quality • Financing • Usury • Lending money with interest • Anti-Christian; sin • Moneylenders • Primarily Jewish institution • discrimination

  6. Trade and Towns Population Boom • 30m to 42m (1000-1150 AD) • Challenge to feudal society • “Town air makes you free.” • City conditions • Haphazard, unclean, hazardous • Burghers • Town residents Learning • Govt. jobs or theology • Children of burghers • Vernacular • Common language of homeland

  7. Scholars and Writers Dante Alighieri – Italian • ‘The Divine Comedy’ – 1321 Geoffrey Chaucer – English • ‘The Canterbury Tales’ • Pilgrimage to shrine of St. Thomas a’ Becket • Brought literature to many non-Latin speakers • Greek to Hebrew to Latin Thomas Aquinas – (1267-1273) • ‘Summa Theologica’ • Christian belief / Greek logic • Scholastics • Middle Ages men who studied together at university

  8. Chapter 14The Formation of Western Europe, 800 - 1500 A.D. Section 3 England and France Develop

  9. England and France Develop Objectives • To describe the various invaders who contributed to English culture. • To explain how England’s government took the first steps toward democracy. • To describe the contributions of France’s Capetian rulers. • Vocabulary:William the Conqueror, Henry II, Eleanor of Aquitaine, Magna Carta, parliament, Philip II, Louis IX

  10. Invasions of England Vikings – 800 AD • Alfred the Great (871-899) • Turns back invaders • England • ‘land of the Angles’ • Germanic Danes • Canute (1016 AD) • Germanic / Viking synthesis • King Edward the Confessor • Descendent of Alfred • Died w/o an heir • Struggle for throne ensues

  11. William the Conqueror

  12. The Norman Conquest William the Conqueror • Duke of Normandy • King Edward’s cousin • French language / culture • Battle of Hastings – (1066) • Normans defeat Anglo-Saxons • Harold Godwinson • William controls all England • Plus land in France • King Henry II • William’s descendent • Eleanor of Aquitaine 2 Goals • Maintain land • Strengthen power

  13. England’s Government Henry II – (1154-1189) • King of England • Royal judges • 12 man jury of ‘peers’ • Common law • Vassal to the King of France Richard the Lion-Hearted • Hero of 3rd Crusade King John – (1199-1216) • ‘John Softsword’ • Magna Carta (June 1215) • Great Charter • Guarantee of political rights • Taxation, due process • Limit of king’s power Parliament – (1295) • King Edward – war taxes • House of Commons • House of Lords

  14. Magna Carta

  15. Capetian Dynasty, France Capetian Dynasty – (987-1328) • Death of Louis the Sluggard • Trade routes • Philip II – (1180-1223) • Philip Augustus • Goal: reclaim French territory • Seized Normandy (1204) • Tripled size of France • Bailiffs • Louis IX – (1226-1270) • Sainthood • French appeals court • Estates-General • 1st Estate – church leaders • 2nd Estate - nobles • 3rd Estate - commoners

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