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World History

World History. Chapter Five “Rome & Rise of Christianity” 600 B.C. – A.D. 500. Section One : The Rise of Rome. Objectives. 1 . Discuss how the Romans conquered the plain of Latium, the Italian peninsula & then the entire Mediterranean world.

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World History

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  1. World History • Chapter Five “Rome & Rise of Christianity” • 600 B.C. – A.D. 500

  2. Section One: The Rise of Rome

  3. Objectives • 1. Discuss how the Romans conquered the plain of Latium, the Italian peninsula & then the entire Mediterranean world. • 2. Explain how the Romans maintained control over their conquered lands.

  4. I. The Land & Peoples of Italy • Italy is a peninsula about 750 miles long • Apennine Mts. run down the middle • Located in the Mediterranean Sea

  5. The Land & Peoples of Italy • 3 important plains for farming • 1. Po River • 2. plain of Latium, where Rome is located • 3. plain of Campania

  6. A. The Impact of Geography • Rome located 18 miles inland on the Tiber River • Easy access to the sea but safe from pirates • Built on 7 hills

  7. The Impact of Geography • Italian peninsula was a natural stopping point for trade & travel • Important position in the Mediterranean

  8. B. The Peoples of Italy • 1500 to 1000 B.C. / Latins • Indo-European group who settled in Latium • Herders & farmers

  9. The Peoples of Italy • 800 B.C. / Etruscans • Turned Rome from a village into a city & gave Romans their mode of dress – toga & short cloak • Organization of the Roman army

  10. Etruscan tomb

  11. Etruscan Sarcophagus

  12. Etruscan writing

  13. Etruscan Temple

  14. The Peoples of Italy • Greeks settled in southern Italy / Sicily • Gave the Roman their alphabet & artistic models of sculpture, architecture & literature

  15. II. The Roman Republic • Early Rome ruled by kings, some Etruscan • 509 B.C. overthrew the last Etruscan king • Republic – a form of government in which the leader is not a monarch & certain citizens have the right to vote

  16. A. War & Conquest • Enemies surrounded Rome • 264 B.C. defeated the states of Latium, the Greeks in the south & the last Etruscan settlements in the north

  17. War & Conquest • Roman confederation • Latins had full citizenship • Other groups were allies who controlled their local affairs, but gave soldiers • Such people could become Roman citizens

  18. B. Why Rome Was Successful • 3 virtues: duty, courage & discipline • Livy Roman historian Cincinnatus gave examples

  19. Why Rome Was Successful • Good diplomats • Extending Roman citizenship & allowing states to run internal affairs • Skilled persistent soldiers & brilliant strategists

  20. Why Rome Was Successful • Built towns & connected them with roads • Allowing soldiers to be deployed quickly • Law & politics, Roman were practical & created institutions that responded to problems

  21. III. The Roman State • Distrusted kingship • Built a different form of government

  22. A. The Government of Rome • Two groups: • 1. Patricians – great landowners, who became Rome’s ruling class • 2. Plebeians – landholders, craftspeople, merchants & small farmers • Only patricians elected to public office

  23. Patriciancarrying busts of his ancestors in a parade

  24. The Government of Rome • Chief executive officers • Consuls (2) – ran the government & led the Roman army into battle • Praetors – in charge of civil law

  25. The Government of Rome • Senate, about 300 patricians served for life • Centuriate assembly, elected consuls & praetors & passed laws • Organized by classes based on wealth

  26. B. The Struggle of the Orders • Plebeians wanted political & social equality • Fought in the army to protect Rome

  27. The Struggle of the Orders • 471 B.C. Council of the plebs createdOfficials called the Tribunes of the plebs empowered to protect the plebeians • 287 B.C. Council received the right to pass laws • Still dominated by wealthy ruling class

  28. C. Roman Law • First code of law, Twelve Tables • Law of Nations, dealt with Roman & non-Roman legal questions • Standards of justice applied to all people equally & used principles recognized today

  29. about 100 years the adoption of “The Twelve Tablets” 509 B.C.

  30. Law of Nations • Innocent until proven otherwise • The accused has a right to a defense before a judge • Judges should decide cases based on evidence

  31. IV. Rome Conquers the Mediterranean • Faced a strong power in Carthage • Had a large trading empire • Began a long struggle in 264 B.C. to control the Mediterranean

  32. A. The First Punic War • Rome vs. Carthage • Rome defeated Carthage in a navy battle in 241 B.C. • Sicily became Rome’s first province

  33. 1st Punic War

  34. The First Punic War • Sent Hannibal the greatest Carthaginian general to start the second Punic War

  35. B. The Second Punic War • Hannibal brought war to the Romans • Entered Spain moved east crossing the Alps • 40,000 men, 6,000 horses & elephants

  36. Hannibal

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