Persuasive Speaking

Persuasive Speaking • Michael Montero & Cassie Bischoff Pages 188-217

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The Overview, Part One • We will cover the following key element to persuasive speech: • Motivation to audience • Appeal to their balance and reasoning • Stressing your Credibility • Targeting the Listeners needs • Mental engagement • Constructing a sound argument • Identify the nature of your claims • Use convincing evidence • Effective reasoning

The Goal of Persuasive Speech • Sway the listeners outlook to the speakers stance • Influence attitudes of the audience • Influence beliefs of the audience • Influence values of the audience Page 188

Focus on Motivation • Motivate your listeners by: • Making your message personal • Showing your proposal is beneficial to the audience • Setting modest goals • Have topics that someone could relate to • Demonstrate how the counter argument will disappoint them • More successful with similar stances • Establish your credibility Page 188-189

Balance Reason and Emotion • It’s a psychological process of reasoning and emotion • Be sure to target both, not just one! • Emotion stimulates a desire to act • Reason provides justification for the act Page 189

Balance Reason and Emotion Continued… • Persuasive speeches are based on arguments • Appeal to the audiences’ reason and logic • Logos is important in gaining agreement • Use facts, statistics, and evidence with logos • Pathos is the key to action and motivation • Appeal to listeners emotions Page 189

Youtube Video • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y-0dcK_Vl5Y • Showing your proposal is beneficial to the audience • Appeal to listeners emotions • Emotion stimulates a desire to act • Reason provides justification for the act • Be charismatic and vibrant (Credibility next slide)

Stress Your Credibility • Moral character: Ethos • Present topic honestly and show concern • Identify yourself, show commonality, display goodwill • Recognize personal knowledge or expertise • Be charismatic and vibrant Page 190-191

Youtube Video • Sarcastic credibility humor • Do not earn Credibility this way • Recognize personal knowledge or expertise • Present topic honestly and show concern • Identify yourself • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W9e-rCRkZ9I

Target Listeners’ Needs • There are five basic needs human needs • Describe a need and how you can fulfill it • basic needs to appeal to: Page 191-192

Describing Listeners needs continued/Youtube Video • This clip can better explain needs than I can: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iucf76E-R2s • A persons needs: • Physiological needs • Safety Needs • Social Needs • Self-esteem Needs • Self-actualization Needs Page 191-192

Encourage Mental Engagement • Central Processing • Applies to someone who thinks critically about topic • Have Motivation to carry it out and research • Peripheral Processing • Someone who can’t judge off arguments merits • Don’t respond well to change • Will buy into superficial factors • No changes in attitude or behavior Page 192-193

Encourage Mental Engagement Continued… • Desired process is central thinking, accomplish by: • Relate practical concerns and emphasize direct consequences • Present topic at reasonable level according to audience • Demonstrate common bonds • Present credibility to strengthen a claim Page 192-193

Construct Sound Argument • A respectable argument contains these three things: • Claim (conclusion), Evidence, Warrant(explanation) • Speaker states a claim to an issue • The speaker validates Claim with Evidence • They explain the warrant is the reason why the evidence proves the claim Page 193-194

Identify the Nature of Your Claim • Types of claims: Fact, Value, Policy • Fact claim: whether something is true or not • Value claim: judging between right and wrong • Policy claim: If good specific conditions were met, better outcomes should be in existence. Page 194-195

Use Convincing Evidence • Claims need support from convincing evidence • Supporting material provides grounds for belief • Use external evidence: narratives, statistics, facts, and testimony • Best used with new information to form opinion • Use audiences preexisting knowledge too • Listeners like to hear reaffirmation in attitudes, belief, values • Must identify what audience knows Page 195-196

Use Effective Reasoning • Three types: Deductive, Inductive, and Causal • Deductive reasoning: starts with general principle, followed by specific example • Inductive reasoning: specific example, followed by general conclusion • Casual Reasoning: refers to a cause and effect. Page 196-197

Use Effective Reasoning/ Youtube • http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=Inductive+And+Deductive+Reasoning&view=detail&mid=C7C09B3EE563B3116856C7C09B3EE563B3116856&first=0&qpvt=Inductive+And+Deductive+Reasoning • Deductive reasoning: starts with general principle, followed by specific example • Inductive reasoning: specific example, followed by general conclusion • Supporting material provides grounds for belief Page 196-197

Persuasive Speaking