Memory

1. Memory Storage Go, Fetch! Methods and Devices Process Now, what’s this for? Final Question, Booiiee

2. Process 500 400 300 200 100

3. Methods and Devices 500 400 300 200 100

4. Storage 500 400 300 200 100

5. Go, Fetch! 500 400 300 200 100

6. Now, what’s this for? 500 400 300 200 100

7. 1. Making sense of information as meaningful occurs in the process of ___ so that we may store it in memory. • A) construction • B) flashbulb • C) encoding • D) storage • E) sensory memory

8. 2. Being able to remember major events clearly because of their emotional impact is called: • A) flashbulb memory. • B) sensory memory. • C) photographic memory. • D) traumatic memory. • E) PTSD.

9. 3. In the Atkinson-Shiffrin three-stage processing model of memory, the stages, in order of occurrence are: • A) flashbulb, working, long-term. • B) sensory, short-term, long-term. • C) sensory, working, long-term. • D) visual, short-term, long-term. • E) encoding, storage, retrieval.

10. 4. When you solve a math problem in your head, you have to hold the information there while you calculate. This calls into play ___. • A) rehearsal. • B) working memory. • C) conscious memory • D) arithmetic ability. • E) automatic processing.

11. In Baddeley’s model of working memory, the ___________function directs focus. • A) central executive • B) long term memory • C) iconic memory • D) hepatic memory • E) central coordinator

12. 6. When studying information, like concepts in your textbook, you must work at it and pay attention. This is called ___ processing. • A) meaningful • B) deliberate • C) effortful • D) rehearsal • E) automatic

13. 7. Your friend says, “I wait to study all the material the night before the test, so it is fresh in my mind.” You tell him from what you have learned: • A) that you agree this is the best way to prepare for a test. • B) he should rehearse the material as many times as he can the night before the test. • C) he should audio tape the material and replay it in his sleep. • D) that he should spread his studying across many days.

14. 8. The “serial position effect” describes our tendency to: • A) remember what we had for breakfast. • B) remember things when they are in numerical order. • C) remember the first and last items of a list more successfully. • D) remember the first items of the list more often than the last ones.

15. 9. The duration of the working memory is about how long. A. 1 second B. 10 seconds C. 20 seconds D. 25 seconds E. 1 minute

16. 10. Using a method such as, “one is a bun, two is a shoe, etc.” to help you remember is a ____ device called a ____ . • A) mnemonic; peg-word system • B) mnemonic; chunking • C) working memory; method of loci. • D) priming; peg-word system • E) mnemonic; hierarchy.

17. 11. Sensory memory is like a snapshot for touch, and only lasts for less than a second is called: • A) echoic memory. • B) iconic memory. • C) short-term memory. • D) hepatic memory. • E) immediate memory.

18. 12. Our immediate, short-term memory for new material is limited in capacity to roughly ___ bits of information. • A) 3 plus or minus 1 • B) 12 plus or minus 3 • C) 20 plus or minus 4 • D) 7 plus or minus 2 • E) 7 plus or minus 1

19. 13. When we remember how to do something, but cannot consciously explain it or even recall the information when asked, ___ is involved. • A) episodic memory • B) explicit memory • C) implicit memory • D) semantic memory • E) declarative memory

20. 14. The ____ of the brain plays a major role in the formation of new, explicit memories. • A) hippocampus • B) cerebellum • C) hypothalamus • D) amygdala • E) frontal lobes

21. 15. How long will information stay in working memory before it is lost or it is moved into long term memory? • A) 10 seconds • B) 15 seconds • C) 20 seconds • D) 25 seconds • E) 30 seconds

22. 16. Essay tests measure ___ and multiple choice tests measure ___. • A) long-term memory; short-term memory • B) recall; recognition • C) retrieval; clustering • D) semantic memory; visual memory

23. 17. Seeing this poster, not remember seeing it, and later seeing a man and a little girl talking and interpreting this interaction as a possible kidnapping. This is an example of: • A) working retrieval. • B) chunking. • C) priming. • D) context effects • E) tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.

24. 18. The tendency to recall more sad events when a person is currently sad is an example of ___ memory. • A) flashbulb • B) iconic • C) context effect • D) state dependent • E) mood-congruent

25. 19. When Jason learned the material, he was underwater. He could not recall it when on land, but could again remember some of it the next time he was underwater. This is an example of: • A) mood congruent. • B) the spacing effect. • C) flashbulb memory. • D) context effects • E) state-dependent memory.

26. 20. To retrieve a specific memory from the web of associations (what they remind you of), you must first activate one of the strands that leads to it. This is called: (Hint: Hare/Hair) • A) iconic memory. • B) priming. • C) long term memory. • D) sensory memory. • E) context effects.

27. 21. The three sins of forgetting are: • A) absent-mindedness, transience and blocking. • B) short attention, confusion, tip-of-the tongue. • C) state-dependent, false memories, amnesia. • D) misinformation, interference, recall failure. • E) foolishness, repression, illicit drugs.

28. 22. Inattention to details produces encoding failure is called • A) transience • B) absent-mindedness • C) blocking • D) retrieval failure • E) thought obstruction

29. 23. Not being able to remember all the details of a common penny is an example of ___ failure. • A) state-dependent • B) recall • C) encoding • D) misinformation • E) storage

30. 24: When learning something new makes recall of previously learned information more difficult, this is called: • A) proactive interference. • B) the misinformation effect. • C) retroactive interference. • D) retrograde amnesia. • E) negative transfer.

31. 25. Henry M. (HM) remembered everything before the operation but cannot make new memories. He had • A) proactive interference. • B) anterograde amnesia • C) retroactive interference. • D) retrograde amnesia. • E) transience

32. What is Henry M’s real last name and what were the two parts of the brain that were removed? • Molaison, amygdala and hippocampus

33. Memory Answers