1 / 24

Memory

Memory. liudexiang. contents. The sensory registers Short term memory Long term memory forgetting. The sensory registers. *Memory : the ability to remember the things that we have experienced, imagined, and learned.

dalton-morin
Download Presentation

Memory

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Memory liudexiang

  2. contents • The sensory registers • Short term memory • Long term memory • forgetting

  3. The sensory registers • *Memory : the ability to remember the things that we have experienced, imagined, and learned. • Information-processing model: a computerlike model used to describe the way humans encode, store, and retrieve information.

  4. Information-processing model

  5. The sensory registers • Sensory registers: entry points for raw information from the senses. • Attention: the selection of some incoming information for further processing.

  6. Short-term memory (STM) • *Short-term memory (STM) : Working memory; briefly stores and processes selected information from the sensory registers.

  7. Primary tasks • Store new information • Work on the new information

  8. Capacity of STM • *Chunking: the grouping of information into meaningful units for easier handling by short-term memory.

  9. Encoding in STM • We encode verbal information for storage in STM phonological—that is, according to how it sounds. • Some material is stored in visual form, and other information is retained on the basis of its meaning.

  10. Maintaining STM • Rote rehearsal : retaining information in memory simply by repeating it over and over.

  11. Long-term memory • Long-term memory (LTM): The portion of memory that is more or less permanent, corresponding to everything we “ know .”

  12. Capacity of LTM • Long-term memory can store a vast amount of information for many years.

  13. Encoding in LTM • Some LTM memories are codes in terms of nonverbal images: shapes, sounds, smells, tastes, and so on. • Most of the information in LTM seems to be encoded in terms of meaning.

  14. *Serial position effect • Serial position effect : The finding that when asked to recall a list of unrelated items, performance is better for the items at the beginning and end of the list.

  15. *The recency effect • The recency effect occurs because the last items that are presented are still contained in STM and thus are available to recall.

  16. *The primacy effect • The primacy effect reflects the opportunity to rehearse the first few items in the list--- increasing their likelihood of being transferred to LTM.

  17. Maintaining LTM • Rote rehearsal • Elaborative rehearsal: The linking of new information in STM to familiar material stored in LTM. • Mnemonics: Techniques that make material easier to remember. • Schema: A set of beliefs or expectations about something that is based on past experience.

  18. Improving your memory • Develop motivation • Practice memory skills • Be confident in your ability to remember • Minimize distractions • Stay focused • Use mental imagery

  19. Improving your memory • Make connections between new material and other information already stored in your LTM • Use retrieval cues • Rely on more than memory alone • Be aware that your own personal schemata may distort your recall of events

  20. *Types of LTM • Episodic memory: the portion of LTM that stores personally experienced events. • Semantic memory: the portion of LTM that stores general facts and information. • Procedural memory: the portion of LTM that stores information relating to skills, habits, and other perceptual-motor tasks. • Emotional memory: learned emotional responses to various stimuli.

  21. Explicit and implicit memory • Explicit memory : memory for information that we can readily express in words and are aware of having; these memories can be intentionally retrieved from memory. • Implicit memory : memory for information that we cannot readily express in words and may not be aware of having; these memories cannot be intentionally retrieved from memory.

  22. Forgetting • *Decay theory : A theory that argues that the passage of time causes forgetting. • Retrograde amnesia: The ability to recall events preceding an accident or injury, but without loss of earlier memory.

  23. Interference • *Retroactive interference : the process by which new information interfere with information already in memory • *Proactive interference: the process by which information already in memory interfere with new information

  24. End

More Related