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Chapter 1 Grammar Using Nouns in Latin

Chapter 1 Grammar Using Nouns in Latin. Nouns in Latin show case, number, gender, and declension. What Do You Know About Nouns? BRAINSTORM on board. Did we answer these questions? Nouns represent what ‘things’ in a sentence? Does there have to be a noun in every sentence?

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Chapter 1 Grammar Using Nouns in Latin

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  1. Chapter 1 GrammarUsing Nouns in Latin Nouns in Latin show case, number, gender, and declension

  2. What Do You Know About Nouns?BRAINSTORM on board • Did we answer these questions? • Nouns represent what ‘things’ in a sentence? • Does there have to be a noun in every sentence? • What is the part of speech which stands in for nouns sometimes?

  3. What I Need to Know by the End of This Lesson • What is a noun • What is the subject of a sentence • What a verb shows • What is the predicate of a sentence • How does Latin use endings to tell what a noun’s ‘role’ is in a sentence • How Latin uses endings to tell us case, number and gender.

  4. Nouns - Gender • Gender – masculine, feminine, or neuter • Most English words use ‘natural’ gender. Example: words for male people or animals are masculine words and words for female people or animals are feminine. • Latin nouns have a specific gender that needs to be learned with the word.

  5. Nouns - Number • Number means either singular (one) or plural (more than one). • The ending of the noun shows if it is singular or plural. • Example: insula = 1 island insulae = more than 1 island silva = forest silvae = forests Any charts in your book need to go in your notes!!

  6. Nouns - Case • In English, we use WORD ORDER to know how a word ‘works’ within a sentence. Compare - The girl likes the horse. The horse likes the girl. Do these mean the same thing? • In Latin, word order doesn’t matter. ENDINGS show how a word is used in a sentence. These endings tell which CASE the word fits into in the sentence. (Puella amat equum. Equum amat puella.) • CASE tells how a noun is used in a sentence.

  7. Sentences • Subject – The noun doing the action in the sentence or the ‘star’ of the sentence. The subject is always in the nominative case. • Predicate – The verb and everything else in the sentence, except the subject. • The ‘to be’ verbs tell us what something IS. (ex., I am a teacher, you are a student). After a ‘to be’ (or linking) verb, a noun or adjective used in the predicate is also in the nominative case. This is called a PREDICATE NOMINATIVE (another noun or an adjective in the predicate that ‘equals’ the subject. Example: Ali is a dog. What nouns will be in the nominative case?

  8. Noun - Declension Declension – a group of nouns using the same pattern of endings. • 1st Declension - Nouns in the first declension all end with -a (singular) and –ae (plural) in the nominative case (used for subject of the sentence). • Most 1st Declension nouns are feminine. There is only 1 group of exceptions.

  9. 1st Declension Endings1st declension nouns are feminine EXCEPT nouns that tell a person’s occupation. Case Singular Plural NOTE: include the – (called a macron) over vowels as shown in book. Nominative -a -ae Genitive -ae -arum Dative -ae -is Accusative -am -as Ablative -a -is *If someone asks you to DECLINE a noun, that person wants you to write a noun in this pattern with all 10 case endings.

  10. Declining a 1st Declension Noun(How to add the endings to a word) Case Singular Plural Nominative silva silvae Genitive silvae silvarum Dative silvae silvis Accusative silvam silvas Ablative silva silvis

  11. Your Latin Notebook • Write the vocabulary words just like they are written in the book. Include ALL information as shown in book. • Read through the grammar section and remember what we learned in class today. In your own words, write a summary of the grammar section. Include ALL charts shown in the grammar section.

  12. Do I Know These Things? • What is a noun • What is the subject of a sentence • What a verb shows • What is the predicate of a sentence • How does Latin use endings to tell what a noun’s ‘role’ is in a sentence • How Latin uses endings to tell us case, number and gender.

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