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Silage For China 中国的青贮饲料

Silage For China 中国的青贮饲料. Arvid Aasen 阿维德 . 阿森 Western Forage/Beef Group Lacombe Research Centre Lacombe, Alberta, Canada 加拿大 阿尔伯塔省拉考研究中心西部饲草 / 肉牛组. Why Do We Make Silage? 我们为什么要制作青贮？. weather is less of a factor 气候是一个小原因. Why Do We Make Silage? 我们为什么要制作青贮？. fewer harvest losses

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Silage For China 中国的青贮饲料

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  1. Silage For China中国的青贮饲料 Arvid Aasen 阿维德.阿森 Western Forage/Beef Group Lacombe Research Centre Lacombe, Alberta, Canada 加拿大阿尔伯塔省拉考研究中心西部饲草/肉牛组

  2. Why Do We Make Silage?我们为什么要制作青贮？ • weather is less of a factor 气候是一个小原因

  3. Why Do We Make Silage?我们为什么要制作青贮？ • fewer harvest losses • 收获损失少 • weather is less of a factor • 气候是一个小因素

  4. Why Do We Make Silage?我们为什么要制作青贮？ • large quantities with a uniform quality大量饲料质量一致 • fewer harvest losses收获损失少 • weather is less of a factor 气候是一个小因素

  5. Why Do We Make Silage?我们为什么要制作青贮？ • most crops can be ensiled • 大多数作物可做青贮 • large quantities with a uniform quality 大量饲料质量一致 • fewer harvest losses收获损失少 • weather is less of a factor 4气候是较小一个原因

  6. Why Do We Make Silage?我们为什么要制作青贮？ • damaged crops can be salvaged • 被损坏的作物可被抢救 • most crops can be ensiled 大多数作物可做青贮 • large quantities with a uniform quality 大量饲料质量一致 • fewer harvest losses收获损失少 • weather is less of a factor 气候是较小一个原因

  7. Why Do We Make Silage?我们为什么要制作青贮？ • makes an ideal forage for mixed rations • 为混合日料制作理想的饲料 • damaged crops can be salvaged 被损坏的作物可被抢救 • most crops can be ensiled大多数作物可做青贮 • large quantities with a uniform quality大量饲料质量一致 • fewer harvest losses收获损失少 • weather is less of a factor 气候是较小一个原因

  8. The Ensiling Process青贮过程 • Aerobic Fermentation Phase 需氧发酵阶段 • respiration phase • occurs with oxygen present • plant enzymes & micro-organisms use oxygen to consume water soluble carbohydrates & plant sugars to produce carbon dioxide & heat • 呼吸阶段 • 氧气产生 • 植物酶和微生物使用氧消耗水溶碳水化合物和植物糖以产生二氧化碳和热

  9. The Ensiling Process 青贮过程 • Anaerobic Fermentation Phase • 厌氧发酵阶段 • no oxygen present • bacteria utilize WSC & plant sugars to produce acids • lactobacilli produce lactic acid • 无氧气 • 细菌利用水溶碳水化合物和植物糖产生酸 • 乳酸杆菌产生乳酸

  10. The Ensiling Process 青贮过程 • Anaerobic Phase (cont’d) 厌氧发酵阶段（继续） • acetic & butyric acids may be formed • pH drops to 4.5 or lower • will take 2 - 4 weeks • 可形成乙酸和丁酸 • pH下降到4.5或低于 • 需2-4周

  11. The Fermentation Process 发酵过程

  12. Factors Affecting Silage Fermentation影响青贮发酵的因素 • Water soluble carbohydrate content (plant sugars) • 水溶碳水化合物含量（植物糖）

  13. Soluble Carbohydrates可溶碳水化合物

  14. Water Soluble Carbohydrate Levels of Different Crops水溶碳水化合物（WSC）在不同作物的含量 Crop 作物 %WSC alfalfa - vegetative植物9 苜蓿 early bloom早花 7 full bloom盛花7 grasses –禾本科草 8-25 barley - milk stage 乳熟期32 大麦soft dough软蜡熟期24 corn - early 早期31 玉米 medium中期14

  15. Factors Affecting Silage Fermentation • Buffering capacity of the forage饲草的缓冲能力 • Water soluble carbohydrate content (plant sugars) 水溶碳水化合物含量（植物糖）

  16. BUFFERING CAPACITY 缓冲能力 PROTEIN蛋白

  17. Buffering Capacity of Forages饲草的缓冲能力 Crop 作物 缓冲力Buffering Capacity* Alfalfa苜蓿 400 - 600 Orchardgrass鸭茅 300 Clovers三叶草 500 - 600 corn 玉米200 *milliequivalents of NaOH required to change the pH from 4.0 to 6.0 in 1 kg. of forage dry matter

  18. Factors Affecting Silage Fermentation影响青贮发酵的因素 • Moisture content of the forage • 饲料的水分含量 • Buffering capacity of the forage • 饲草的缓冲能力 • Water soluble carbohydrate content (plant sugars) • 水溶碳水化合物含量（植物糖）

  19. Factors Affecting Silage Fermentation影响青贮发酵的因素 • Type of bacteria present 细菌类型 • Moisture content of the forage 饲料的水分含量 • Buffering capacity of the forage 饲草的缓冲能力 • Water soluble carbohydrate content (plant sugars) 水溶碳水化合物含量（植物糖）

  20. Factors Affecting Silage Fermentation影响青贮发酵的因素 • Speed of fermentation发酵的速度 • Type of bacteria present细菌类型 • Moisture content of the forage 饲料的水分含量 • Buffering capacity of the forage 饲草的缓冲能力 • Water soluble carbohydrate content 水溶碳水化合物含量（植物糖）

  21. Keys to Success成功的关键 • Harvest at the proper stage of crop收获作物的适合阶段

  22. Keys to Success 成功的关键 • Length of cut切割长度 • Moisture content of the silage 青贮的水分含量 • Harvest at the proper stage of crop • 收获作物的适合阶段

  23. Keys to Success 成功的关键 • Filling & Packing装添和包装 • Length of cut 切割长度 • Moisture content of the silage 青贮的水分含量 • Harvest at the proper stage of crop • 收获作物的适合阶段

  24. Keys to Success 成功的关键 • Covering to exclude air覆盖以排气 Filling & Packing装填和包装 • Length of cut 切割长度 • Moisture content of the silage 青贮的水分含量 • Harvest at the proper stage of crop 收获作物的适合阶段

  25. CROPS作物

  26. CEREAL CROPS谷类作物 • BARLEY大麦 • OATS燕麦 • TRITICALE小黑麦 • WHEAT小麦

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