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The Civil War 1861 – 1865

The Civil War 1861 – 1865. The “Anaconda Plan”. The Union’s strategy: Naval blockade from Louisiana to Virginia Control of the Mississippi River Confederate strategy primarily defensive. Cartoon about the “Anaconda Plan”. Advantages & Disadvantages: The Union. Advantages:

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The Civil War 1861 – 1865

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  1. The Civil War1861–1865

  2. The “Anaconda Plan” The Union’s strategy: • Naval blockade from Louisiana to Virginia • Control of the Mississippi River Confederate strategy primarily defensive Cartoon about the “Anaconda Plan”

  3. Advantages & Disadvantages: The Union Advantages: • Industry and railroads • Larger population • Legitimate government • Strong political leadership Disadvantages: • Funding difficulties • Offensive war • Lack of skilled military leaders A Massachusetts factory

  4. Advantages & Disadvantages: The Confederacy Advantages: • Defensive war on home turf • Common cause • Strong military tradition and outstanding leaders Disadvantages: • Weak economy • Smaller population • Ineffective central government and leadership Generals Robert E. Lee and Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson

  5. Restore the Union • “If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that.” - Abraham Lincoln before the war

  6. Washington DC

  7. Richmond, Va.

  8. Lead Generals of the North

  9. Winfield Scott Anaconda Plan

  10. Irvin McDowell First Bull Run

  11. George B. McClellan “A Case of the Slows”

  12. John Pope Second Bull Run

  13. Little Mac again Lincoln McClellan Antietam

  14. Ambrose Burnside Side burns Fredericksburg

  15. Joseph Hooker Chancellorsville

  16. George Meade Gettysburg

  17. Ulysses S. Grant Vicksburg

  18. Lead Generals of the South

  19. Joseph Johnston Injured at Battle of Seven Pines

  20. Robert E. Lee The Man

  21. Notable Soldiers from the North William Tecumseh Sherman

  22. Robert Anderson Fort Sumter

  23. David Farragut New Orleans

  24. Notable Soldiers of the Rebels Killed right before Gettysburg by own troops

  25. James Longstreet

  26. JEB Stuart Calvary

  27. George Pickett Pickett’s Charge

  28. Armies • Main Army of Union – Army of the Potomac • 1st asked Lee to be general of the Union • Main Army of the Rebels – Army of Northern Virginia

  29. Bull Run • First major battle of Civil War • About 25 miles from Washington, D.C. • “Stonewall” Jackson became famous • Confederate victory Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson

  30. Shiloh • Union forces led by Ulysses S. Grant • Confederate attack nearly wiped out Union forces on first day • Grant counterattacked the next day • Union victory A view of Shiloh after the battle

  31. Ironclads • Confederates built the Merrimack from a sunken Union ship • Union quickly built the Monitor • Monitor and Merrimack fought to a draw in first battle between ironclads A painting of the battle

  32. New Technologies in Warfare • Minie ball • Submarine • Heavy artillery • Aerial reconnaissance • Gatling gun • Trench warfare A Gatling gun

  33. Civil War Weapons

  34. A New Union Commander • McClellan selected as commander after Bull Run • McClellan popular with troops • A thorough administrator • Overly cautious Gen. George B. McClellan

  35. Lee Takes Command • General Joseph E. Johnston wounded • Robert E. Lee takes command of Confederate army • Lee proves an able commander Gen. Robert E. Lee

  36. Antietam • Attempt by Lee to invade the North • Near Sharpsburg, Maryland • McClellan tipped off to Lee’s plans when a soldier found secret orders wrapped around cigars • Single bloodiest day in American history Artillery Hell, a painting of early morning hostilities at Antietam

  37. Antietam: Battle Scenes Dead soldiers await burial after the morning fighting in the Miller cornfield

  38. Antietam: Battle Scenes A view of the Burnside Bridge from the “Confederate side”

  39. Antietam: Battle Scenes An Army field hospital

  40. Antietam: Battle Scenes Confederate dead along the Hagerstown turnpike

  41. Antietam: Aftermath • Lincoln met with McClellan after the battle • Lincoln fired him, complaining that he “had the slows” • McClellan replaced by series of commanders Lincoln meets with McClellan at Antietam

  42. Women’s Roles in the War Clara Barton Mary Bickerdyke Dorothea Dix Dr. Mary Edwards Walker

  43. Women Warriors • Some women posed as men in order to fight • Frances Clayton (right) fought in artillery and cavalry units • Total number unknown

  44. Civil War Medicine • 4 minute video

  45. Civil War Medicine • Infection often deadlier than the wounds • Amputations more common • Anesthesia widely used A surgeon at the Camp Letterman field hospital at Gettysburg prepares for an amputation

  46. The Sanitary Commission • Poor health conditions in army camps • U.S. Sanitary Commission created • Purposes included improving hygiene and recruiting nurses • Developed better methods of transporting wounded to hospitals A Civil War field hospital

  47. Emancipation Proclamation • History Channel -2 minutes

  48. African American Enlistment • Congress allowed black enlistment in 1862 • 54th Massachusetts commanded by Colonel Shaw • Half of 54th killed in assault on Ft. Wagner • Helped spur further enlistment Col. Robert Gould Shaw Memorial to the 54th Massachusetts

  49. Surgeon’s Instruments

  50. Andersonville • Confederate POW camp in Georgia • 32,000 prisoners jammed into 26 acres • One-third of all prisoners died • Superintendent was executed as a war criminal Severely emaciated POWs rescued from Andersonville

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