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British Imperialism

Kendra Meer, Azalea Grant, Marirosa Padilla-Tung, Jero Delos Santos, Taylor McIntyre. British Imperialism. Indust. Rev. was a major factor Cotton factories needed improved raw materials and India had those resources, in cheap supply This led to expansion into India

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British Imperialism

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  1. Kendra Meer, Azalea Grant, Marirosa Padilla-Tung, Jero Delos Santos, Taylor McIntyre British Imperialism

  2. Indust. Rev. was a major factor • Cotton factories needed improved raw materials and India had those resources, in cheap supply • This led to expansion into India • Opp. To increase trading opportunities • Sought to open up new trade routes • Hunt for new markets increased as the mass-manufac. Of new goods in the indust. Rev. increased the amt of trading Political motives

  3. Benjamin Disraeli • Jewish prime minister of Britain • Brought India and the Suez Canal under Brit. Empi. Control • Promoted the glory of an empire on which “the sun never sets” • Marquess of Salisbury • Also promoted Disraeli’s ideas Competition for power

  4. The idea of Imperial glory reflecting on a gov’t was a clear motivating factor for EU Imperialism of the 19th century. • Justification and motivation • Belief that the Christian religion and EU forms of gov’t, education, and law would improve the lives of indigineous peoples of Africa, Asia, and Australia • Therefore it was seen as a duty to spread EU civilization • Major Eu powers divided up Africa w/o any African leaders present • The EU leaders believed they were better, and that the African ideas were unimportant.

  5. Is necessary to preserve existing social orders in more developed countries, to secure trade, markets, maintain employment and capital exports, and channel the energies and social conflicts of the British onto foreign countries. • Very strong assumption of Western superiority- both racial and ideaological. Conservative Imperialism

  6. Policy choice, not inevitable consequence of capitalism • Increasing the concentration of wealth in richer countries leads to under-consumption for the mass of people. • Overseas expansion reduces the costs, and ups new consumption(although this is not inevitable) Liberal Imperialism

  7. Simply a manifestation of the balance of power Is the process by which nations try to achieve a favorable change in the status quo Purpose is to decrease the strategic and political vulnerability of the nation Political Imperialism

  8. Objectless expansion, a pattern simply learned from the behavior of other nations • Industrialized into the domestic and political processes of a state by a “warrior class” • This class is created because of the need for defense , but, over time the class will manufacture reasons to perpetuate its existence • Usually through the manipulation of crises. Social-Psychological Theories on Imperialism

  9. Entrepreneurs and capitalists looked to engineering projects in Egypt • Muhammad Ali came as officer of reoccupation • Fought to gain governorship and found an independent kingdom • Abolished tax-farming, forced peasants to sell cotton for pittance and replaced craft guilds with slate factories • Under free-trade banner, Britain imposed the price of contrived friendship on Sultan British Imperialism in Egypt

  10. By 1860s Ali’s private interests were removed from economy • Cotton exports quadrupled in price and doubled in quantity • By 1870s Egypt had railways and a telegraph network • Modernization underway and independence from Britain in sight but by 1882, Egypt under British control again • Enfeeblement of Ottomans forced Britain to give it up

  11. Regional Politics • Before GB, Mughal rule was stable • It was giving way to separate states • British took advantage • Made alliances with states • Fought with French and Dutch for Indian territory • Crown and head of EIT Co. didn’t want more land, it was individuals • Nov. 1st, 1858 --- Queen Victoria declares India under British crown Imperialism in india

  12. East India Trade Co. • Formed under Elizabeth I • Owned warehouses and trading posts in India • 17th & 18th C • Sales in London up to £2 million • Cotton and spice trade • 20-30 ships per year • Flora Annie Webster Steel • The Complete Indian Housekeeper and Cook • Typical housekeeping book • Describes typical Indian life • Lived in India for 12 yrs • Wrote books regarding Indian culture as well as British • Very “prim and proper”

  13. In 1768 the British government planned a South Pacific expedition • Led by Captain James Cook • His maps and descriptions of Australia's eastern coast inspired the first settlements • 1788: British ships arrived at Australia • They carried over 700 British convicts • First European settlers Growth of australia

  14. Over time, the settlement grew • More prison ships arrived, and later ships containing British citizens • Colony growth => Growth of Britain's control • Britain laid claim to the entire continent in 1829 • The wealthy in Europe invested in profitable opportunities in other countries • Investments were made in the construction of railroads, ports, and utilities • Allowed settlers to buy European rails • Developed sources of cheap food and raw materials • Native people (the aborigines) were decimated by expanding Western society

  15. Throughout the 1800s, civilization spread vastly across the continent • Large growth due to: • Sheep and cattle ranching • Discovery of gold • Expanding immigration • By 1859, six colonies were fully established • Decided it was best to be unified • In 1901 the colonies became a nation of the British commonwealth, quickly and peacefully

  16. Government • Acts of Union of 1840, united the Lower Canada colony(French-speakers) and the Upper Canada(English- speakers), forming the Province of Canada • In July 1, 1867, British North America Act created the Dominion of Canada • Resulted in: • Postal System(1868) • National Banking Act(1871) • The first railway system, Intercolonial (1876) British Imperialism and canada

  17. Fur trade • Expansion led to the first transcontinental railroad Canadian Pacific Railway Economy

  18. Timber trade (St. John River, New Brunswick, Ottawa River)

  19. Bayly, C. A. Atlas of the British Empire. New York: Facts on File, 1989. 67, 73,137-41,145,189+. Print. • "Canada - British Rule to 1867." HowStuffWorks. Web. 03 Mar. 2012. <http://history.howstuffworks.com/canadian-history/history-of-canada4.htm>. • Dolce, Laura. "Australia and the World." Australia. New York: Chelsea House, 1990. 15-19. Print. • Galbraith, Catherine Atwater., and Rama Mehta. India, Now and through Time. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1980. Print. • Marshall, Peter. "The British Presence in India in the 18th Century." BBC News. BBC, 17 Feb. 2011. Web. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/east_india_01.shtml>. • McKay, John P. "The West and the World." A History of Western Society. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 2007. 850+. Print. Bibliography

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