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The War of 1812: Rising Conflict and Foreign Problems in Jefferson's Era

Explore the factors leading to the War of 1812, from Barbary Pirates to British impressment, embargoes, and the influence of Tecumseh. Learn about key events, motivations, and consequences shaping early American history.

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The War of 1812: Rising Conflict and Foreign Problems in Jefferson's Era

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  1. The War of 1812

  2. Jefferson’s Foreign Problems

  3. Rising Conflict

  4. Rising Conflict • The Barbary Pirates • Began attacking American trading ships after the American Revolution • Took property and enslaved sailors • We began to pay a tribute – money for protection – the pirates • Why did major countries do this?

  5. Rising Conflict

  6. Jefferson’s Answer • He stops tribute payments and sends war ships to protect American trading ships

  7. Barbary Pirates • The warship Philadelphia was stranded and raided • Over 300 sailors were captured • To keep pirates from using the ship, Stephen Decatur burned the Philadelphia down

  8. Guess who’s fighting again?1803

  9. What had Washington warned us about? Remain neutral!

  10. Remaining neutral • The US continued to trade with Britain and France • Makes us a lot of money • The North depends heavily on trade • Britain and France were looking for ways to hurt the other • Both sides seize American ships to cut off the others trade • France took 500 ships; Britain over 1,000

  11. Britain needs sailors… Impressment ~ forcing Americans to fight in the British navy

  12. Embargo – gov’t order forbidding foreign trade

  13. Jefferson’s Embargo • 30,000 American sailors out of work • Farmers could not sell their surplus overseas • Ship owners boats not used • Dockworkers had nothing to load or unload • Bartenders who lost their sailor customers

  14. Why didn’t France or Britain care? • Napoleon – could get what he wanted from Europe • Britain could trade anywhere else in the world Lesson Learned: Europe doesn’t need to trade with the US

  15. War of 1812 – The First Half

  16. New Commander-in-Chief

  17. Why go to war? • Tecumseh and the Prophet • Two Shawnee Indians who began urging the Native Americans to go to war against the US • Why? To take back their land • They organized western tribes into leagues to restore Indian lands

  18. Battle of Tippiecanoe • William Henry Harrison, governor of Indiana territory marched 1,000 soldiers against Tecumseh and his league • Tecumseh was defeated

  19. What does Britain have to do with this? They were arming the Native Americans! • Sort of…GB had given some arms to the Native Americans through trade but they weren’t arming them to fight the Americans

  20. We Want War! • This did not matter to some… Strike One: Arming the Native Americans Strike Two: Impressing our sailors War Hawks – Nationalists who wanted war with Britain

  21. Strike Three • Britain declared in early 1812 that they would not stop impressment • Congress declares war in 1812

  22. Our Reasons Strike One: Arming the Native Americans Strike Two: Impressing our sailors Strike Three: Britain says that they won’t stop impressing our sailors Are these good reasons? Nationalism – a pride in one’s country

  23. Early War Positives Negatives • Great Britain was at war with France • Our army and navy were greatly reduced • Embargo Act had hurt our economy • Great Britain set up a blockade of our coast

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