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Napoleon’s Empire in 1810

Napoleon’s Empire in 1810. Napoleon’s Family Rules!. Jerome Bonaparte  King of Westphalia. Joseph Bonaparte  King of Spain Louise Bonaparte  King of Holland Pauline Bonaparte  Princess of Italy Napoléon Francis Joseph Charles (son)  King of Rome

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Napoleon’s Empire in 1810

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  1. Napoleon’s Empire in 1810

  2. Napoleon’s Family Rules! • Jerome Bonaparte  King of Westphalia. • Joseph Bonaparte  King of Spain • Louise Bonaparte  King of Holland • Pauline Bonaparte  Princess of Italy • Napoléon Francis Joseph Charles (son) King of Rome • Elisa Bonaparte  Grand Duchess of Tuscany • Caroline Bonaparte  Queen of Naples

  3. The “Big Blunder” -- Russia • The retreat from Spain came on the heels of Napoleon’s disastrous Russian Campaign (1812-1813). • In July, 1812 Napoleon led his Grand Armee of 614,000 men eastward across central Europe and into Russia. • The Russians avoided a directconfrontation with Napoleon. • They retreated to Moscow, drawing the French into the interior of Russia [hoping that it’s size and the weather would act as “support” for the Russian cause]. • The Russian nobles abandoned their estates and burned their crops to the ground, leaving the French to operate far from their supply bases in territory stripped of food.

  4. Napoleon’s Troops at the Gates of Moscow • September 14, 1812  Napoleon reached Moscow, but the city had largely been abandoned. • The Russians had set fire to the city.

  5. Napoleon’s Retreat from Moscow (Early 1813) 100,000 French troops retreat—40,000 survive!

  6. The 6th Coalition Napoléon’sDefeat 1813-1814: France   Britain, Russia.Spain, Portugal, Prussia, Austria, Sweden, smaller German states

  7. Napoleon’s Defeat at Leipzig(October 16-17, 1813) “Battle of the Nations” Memorial

  8. Napoleon Abdicates! • Allied forces occupied Paris on March 31, 1814. • Napoléon abdicated on April 6 in favor of his son, but the Allies insisted on unconditional surrender. • Napoléon abdicated again on April 11. • Treaty of Fontainbleau  exiles Napoléon to Elba with an annual income of 2,000,000 francs. • The royalists took control and restoredLouis XVIII to the throne.

  9. The "Hundred Days" (March 20 - June 22, `1815)

  10. “The War of the 7th Coalition” Napoleon’s“100 Days” France  1815:  Britain, Russia. Prussia, Austria, Sweden, smaller German states • Napoléon escaped Elba and landed in France on March 1, 1815  the beginning of his 100 Days. • Marie Louise & his son were in the hands of the Austrians.

  11. Napoleon’s Defeat at Waterloo(June 18, 1815) Prussian General Blücher DukeofWellington

  12. What is Napoleon’s Legacy?

  13. The Congress of Vienna

  14. Europe in 1812

  15. Main Objectives • It’s job was to undo everything that Napoléon had done: • Reduce France to its old boundaries  her frontiers were pushed back to 1790 level. • Restore as many of the old monarchies as possible that had lost their thrones during the Napoléonic era. • Supported the resolution: There is always an alternative to conflict.

  16. Key Players at Vienna Foreign Minister, Viscount Castlereagh (Br.) Tsar Alexander I (Rus.) The “Host”Prince Klemens von Metternich (Aus.) King Frederick William III (Prus.) Foreign Minister, Charles Maurice de Tallyrand (Fr.)

  17. Key Principles Established at Vienna • Balance of Power • Legitimacy • Compensation • Coalition forces would occupy France for 3-5 years. • France would have to pay an indemnity of 700,000,000 francs.

  18. Changes Made at Vienna (1) • France was deprived of all territory conquered by Napoléon. • Russia was given most of Duchy of Warsaw (Poland). • Prussia was given half of Saxony, parts of Poland, and other German territories. • A Germanic Confederation of 30+ states (including Prussia) was created from the previous 300, under Austrian rule. • Austria was given back territory it had lost recently, plus more in Germany and Italy. • The House of Orange was given the Dutch Republic and the Austrian Netherlands to rule.

  19. The Germanic Confederation, 1815

  20. Changes Made at Vienna (2) • Norway and Sweden were joined. • The neutrality of Switzerland was guaranteed. • Hanover was enlarged, and made a kingdom. • Britain was given Cape Colony, South Africa, and various other colonies in Africa and Asia. • Sardinia was given Piedmont, Nice, Savoy, and Genoa. • The Bourbon Ferdinand I was restored in the Two Sicilies. • The Duchy of Parma was given to Marie Louise. • The slave trade was condemned (at British urging). • Freedom of navigation was guaranteed for many rivers.

  21. Europe After the Congress of Vienna

  22. What was the legacy of the Congress of Vienna?

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