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The War of 1812: War Hawks and Battles

This chapter delves into the War of 1812's pivotal moments, from the War Hawks' push for war with Britain to key battles like the Battle of New Orleans and the Treaty of Ghent in 1814. Learn about Tecumseh’s Confederacy and the mixed outcomes faced by American forces both on land and at sea. Discover the events that shaped this significant conflict in American history.

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The War of 1812: War Hawks and Battles

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  1. The War of 1812 Chapter 6 Section 4

  2. War Hawks Demand War • Jefferson wins second election in 1804 easily • Renewed fighting between France and Britain began to affect American shipping • Britain blockaded French ports • Seized 1,000 American ships • Confiscated ships and cargoes • French Seized nearly half that number

  3. War Hawks Demand War • Grievances Against Britain: • Impressment- British practice of seizing Americans at sea and drafting them into the British Navy • Chesapeake incident- Britain demanded to board the Chesapeake, when American captain refused Britain open fired. Killed-3 Wounded- 18 • Embargo Act of 1809 • Jefferson no longer trade with European nations • Tried to force American neutrality • Hurt US more and was lifted in 1809- except with Britain and France

  4. War Hawks Demand War • Tecumseh’s Confederacy: • William Henry Harrison persuades Native Americans to sign away their lands to the US government • Not all chiefs supported this • Tecumseh and his Shawnee tribe renounced all “white man ways” like Christianity and urged other tribes to do so as well • Tecumseh tried to recruit other tribes and even the British for what seemed to be an inevitable war with the Americans

  5. The War Hawks Demand War • The War Hawks: • Nov. 1811 the Shawnee attack Harrison and his men • In response Harrison burns Shawnee capital to the ground • Americans find the Shawnee are using weapons from British Canada • Group of Senators from South and West- “war hawks” demand war with Britain. (Led by John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay)

  6. The War Brings Mixed Results • The War in Canada • American military unprepared for war • Failed attempt at taking Montreal and loss of Detroit early in war • Many Native American troops sided with Britain hoping to stop American expansion • Tecumseh (leader of Shawnee) killed in Battle of Thames 1813

  7. The War Brings Mixed Results • The War at Sea • Good opportunity to test young navy • Outnumbered with only 16 ships the US navy put up a good fight • However the size of the British navy soon too much to bare • 1813 the British blockaded the entire Eastern seaboard

  8. The War Brings Mixed Results • British Burn the White House: • Battle of York- Americans burn down the capital of Upper Canada • 1814 in retaliation the British burn down the White House and other public buildings

  9. War Brings Mixed Results • The Battle of New Orleans • Andrew Jackson of Tennessee gains fame through series of battles in south • Battle of Horseshoe Bend destroyed the military power of the Native Americans in the south • Battle of New Orleans-greatest victory came after the war was over Jan. 18, 1815 • Defeated the far superior British force and lost only a handful of men.

  10. War Brings Mixed Results • The Treaty of Ghent: • Signed Christmas Eve 1814 • Established an armistice (seize fire) • Did not deal with the impressment or neutral shipping rights • 1818 US and Britain

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