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Chapter 1

Chapter 1. Organizations, Environments, & IT. Overview for Today. Some Definitions The Changing Business Environment Organizational Responses to Change Information Technology Trends. Some Terminology. Internet, Intranet, Extranet Cloud computing SaaS IS/IT

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Chapter 1

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  1. Chapter 1 Organizations, Environments, & IT

  2. Overview for Today • Some Definitions • The Changing Business Environment • Organizational Responses to Change • Information Technology Trends

  3. Some Terminology • Internet, Intranet, Extranet • Cloud computing • SaaS • IS/IT • Any other terms that weren’t clear?

  4. Something Many Overlook: • Information Systems are SocialSystems • IS change the way people & organizations interact with one another: • Mobile commerce • Social media • What are some impacts of the above changes in personal/professional interactions?

  5. I’ll let you in on a little secret… • Organizations have lots of problems! • In many cases, we can use IS to fix them..

  6. Changing Business Environment • What opportunities accompany our Digital Economy? • Three main categories of pressures that cause organizations to change: • Economic/Market Pressures • Technology Pressures • Societal/Political/Legal Pressures • May or may not be directly tied to IS

  7. 1. Market Pressures • Globalization & Competition (NAFTA, EU) • What special requirements do these create? • Real-Time Operations • Today’s business doesn’t wait for old data • Changes in the workforce • Telecommuters, flexible hours, disabled access • Powerful customers • Know more than ever before (how?) • How do we exercise this power?

  8. 2. Technology Pressures • Obsolescence of today’s products • Moore’s Law • Gateway commercial for the G5 • Substitute products and services

  9. 3. Societal/Political/Legal Pressures • Social Responsibility • Government De/Regulations • Homeland Security • Information Ethics • What are examples of each?

  10. Social Responsibility…

  11. Critical Response Activities • Organizations try to keep pressures in equilibrium • How often do they achieve this goal? • How long does it last? • When equilibrium cannot be achieved, critical response activities begin • Here are a few… there are many • Can be used individually or in combination

  12. Strategic Systems • Goal: provide competitive advantage • How can IS increase comp advantage? • Caveat: Sustaining advantage is difficult! • Why is this advantage difficult to sustain? • What are some examples of strategic systems? (AA, FedEx)

  13. Customer Focus • Providing exceptional cust service • What are potential benefits to org? • What are potential benefits to cust? • How can these benefits be achieved? • Any examples?

  14. Continuous Process Improvement • Small, incremental changes • What are some types of changes? • CPI often has limited effectiveness • What do you do next?

  15. Business Process Reengineering • Radical change in organizational structure & procedures • What are some examples? • Organizational structure fits the business process • Roles that IT plays in BPR • Allows automation • Increased flexibility & reliability • Rapid, paperless transactions • Reduce time to market (FDA approval)

  16. Mass Customization • What products are customized? • Why is customization desirable? • How is customization achieved?

  17. Business Alliances • Within industries • One goal is cost savings • Across industries • Credit card, airline, & telephone • What do they have to gain?

  18. Electronic Commerce • B2B, B2C, C2C ?

  19. IT Trends • Ongoing technological convergence • Shift to mobile/embedded electronics • 3D printing will change EVERYTHING! • There are many, many more…

  20. The Big Picture… • IS impact all facets of busn/society • Speed of impact is increasing • Absolutely critical to understand: • Functions served by IS • Potential applications of IS • How IS solves problems • How to avoid failed systems • Tremendous employment opportunities!

  21. Important Concepts to Know • Driving business pressures: • Market, technology, society • How organizations are responding to these changing pressures • Critical Response Activities • Trends in Information Technology

  22. For Next Time… • Prepare Chapter 1 Minicases • I will e-mail them to you • Start working on project ideas: • Groups of 4 • Locate potential organizations • First Milestone is due soon…

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