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6-3 Notes: Egypt and Kush

6-3 Notes: Egypt and Kush. The Middle Kingdom. Following the collapse of the Old Kingdom, historians call the next period the Middle Kingdom (2100 – 1700 B.C.E.) During this time, Egypt ’ s trade and empire expanded Egypt conquered kingdoms in Nubia, gained control of gold mines

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6-3 Notes: Egypt and Kush

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  1. 6-3 Notes: Egypt and Kush

  2. The Middle Kingdom • Following the collapse of the Old Kingdom, historians call the next period the Middle Kingdom (2100 – 1700 B.C.E.) • During this time, Egypt’s trade and empire expanded • Egypt conquered kingdoms in Nubia, gained control of gold mines • People from the Fertile Crescent began to move to Egypt’s delta region

  3. The Hyksos • 1650 B.C.E. – Hyksos (Greek for “rulers of hill lands”) began to challenge the pharaohs of Lower Egypt • 1650 – 1550 – Hyksos use horses, chariots, bronze weapons, and bows and arrows to defeat Egyptian armies in battle (Hyksos control Lower Egypt, Upper Egypt still ruled by Egyptians at Thebes) • 1550 B.C.E. – Ahmose, pharaoh of Upper Egypt, rallied the Egyptians to use Hyksos technology to defeat the Hyksos

  4. New Kingdom Expansion • The New Kingdom (1550 – 1069 B.C.E.) began with Ahmose’s reunification of Egypt • Egypt reclaimed Nubia (gold mines) • Egypt also won territories in Israel, Syria, and Lebanon • Kush, Egypt’s primary trading partner to the south, came under Egyptian rule • Egyptians primarily traded grain, papyrus, linen, jewelry, and bronze goods for ebony, ivory, and animal hides (Kush); gold (Nubia); perfume, ivory, incense, apes (Punt); and silver, copper, timber, wine, and olive oil (from Lebanon and Greece)

  5. Hatshepsut • 1500 B.C.E. – Hatshepsut becomes pharaoh • Her husband was pharaoh and when she died, their son was only 10 years old, so Hatshepsut claimed to rule on his behalf • In 8th year of her reign, she organized a great trading expedition to Punt, Egypt’s southern trading partner • Hatshepsut traded jewelry, papyrus, and bronze weapons in exchange for gold, perfume, ivory, leopard skins, and live apes

  6. Egyptian Innovations • Most Egyptian doctors were priests trained in temple schools • Temple storehouses accumulated vast stores of knowledge about diseases and injuries, making them good places to study medicine • Egyptian doctors learned how to stitch cuts, set broken bones, measure a pulse • Raw meat used to reduce swelling on wounds, chamomile used to treat upset stomachs • Egyptians also developed mathematics, charted 5 of the planets, many constellations, figured out what eclipses were

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