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Warm Up

Warm Up. Prepare to text your responses. Mrs. Lloyd’s code: 37607. March 2008. DNA and Modern Genetics. Life Science/McDougal/ Littell. Changes in DNA Can Produce Variation. Most DNA is the same for all individuals of a species. DNA sequences can change while copying.

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Warm Up

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  1. Warm Up • Prepare to text your responses. • Mrs. Lloyd’s code: 37607

  2. March 2008 DNA and Modern Genetics Life Science/McDougal/Littell

  3. Changes in DNA Can Produce Variation • Most DNA is the same for all individuals of a species. • DNA sequences can change while copying. • This is what makes one organism different from another.

  4. Things That Damage DNA • DNA is affected by the environment. • Ultraviolet radiation • X-rays • Natural and human made toxins • Chemicals

  5. Changes in DNA Can Produce Variation • Given the large amount of DNA and the number of times it is copied, changes are bound to happen. • Any change in DNA is called a mutation. • Mutations in genes can have three possible outcomes.

  6. Mutations • The mutation can have no effect. Because there is a pair of genes in every cell, the gene without a mutation may be able to make up for the one that is not working. • The mutation can have a minor effect. A change in a gene that codes for the protein for skin color might affect how dark or light a person's skin color is. This would affect not only skin color, but eye or hair color too. But the change would be in appearance only. • The mutation can have a major effect.This could be good, such as increased resistance to disease. This could also be bad, causing a genetic disease. • If a mutation occurs in DNA that is non-coding, the mutation will probably have no effect.

  7. Genetic Disorders • Genetic disorders are diseases that result from mutations that affect the normal functioning of a cell. - Tay-Sachs-fatty tissue builds up in the brain affecting a baby's sight, hearing, movement, and mental development. - - Cystic Fibrosis -mucus build up in the lungs -Albinism- partial lack or total absence of melanin in the skin • Sometimes people carry a tendency for a disease - Diabetes -Glaucoma -Alzheimer’s Disease -Emphysema

  8. Genetic Disorders • Genetic disorders can be inherited. • A person's behavior can affect whether a mutation comes about, such as smoking or not smoking. Ex: Sickle cell disease is an inherited disorder.

  9. Sickle Cell Anemia

  10. Sickle Cell Anemia http://www.dnai.org/d/index.html

  11. Cancer is a group of genetic disorders that affect the cell cycle • All cancers are characterized by uncontrolled cell division. • Normal cells divide only enough so the organism has the number of cells it needs to function properly. • Cancer cells can also spread from where they started to divide to other tissues, and can keep dividing indefinitely. • http://www.nobel.se/medicine/educational/2001/cellcycle.html

  12. Cancer Some cancers are caused by mutations during a person's lifetime. Some cancers are caused by harmful substances, such as nicotine in cigarettes, or by ultraviolet and nuclear radiation. http://www.biotechnologyonline.gov.au/biotechnologyonline/popups/int_dogcloning.html http://www.biotechnologyonline.gov.au/biotechnologyonline/popups/int_thylacinecloning.html

  13. Retrieved March 21, 2008, from http://www.robertsreview.com/cancer_pictures.html

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