1 / 58

Chapter 1

Chapter 1. Section 2. Chapter 1: Matter & Change. Section 2: Matter and Its Properties. Look around you – you can see books, desks, chairs and windows. All those things are made of ________.

ursula
Download Presentation

Chapter 1

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Chapter 1 Section 2

  2. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Look around you – you can see books, desks, chairs and windows. All those things are made of ________. Matter takes different forms. Consider the book – you might notice that it takes up ________ - in other words it as ___________. Volumeis the amount of three-dimensional space an object occupies. All matter has volume – all matter has mass – a measure of the __________ of matter. Matter – anything that has ________ and takes up _______ (has volume).

  3. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Look around you – you can see books, desks, chairs and windows. All those things are made of Matter. Matter takes different forms. Consider the book – you might notice that it takes up ________ - in other words it as ___________. Volumeis the amount of three-dimensional space an object occupies. All matter has volume – all matter has mass – a measure of the __________ of matter. Matter – anything that has ________ and takes up _______ (has volume).

  4. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Look around you – you can see books, desks, chairs and windows. All those things are made of Matter. Matter takes different forms. Consider the book – you might notice that it takes up space- in other words it as volume. Volumeis the amount of three-dimensional space an object occupies. All matter has volume – all matter has mass – a measure of the __________ of matter. Matter – anything that has ________ and takes up _______ (has volume).

  5. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Look around you – you can see books, desks, chairs and windows. All those things are made of Matter. Matter takes different forms. Consider the book – you might notice that it takes up space- in other words it as volume. We measure volume in liters. Volumeis the amount of three-dimensional space an object occupies. All matter has volume – all matter has mass – a measure of the amountof matter. Matter – anything that has ________ and takes up _______ (has volume).

  6. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Look around you – you can see books, desks, chairs and windows. All those things are made of Matter. Matter takes different forms. Consider the book – you might notice that it takes up space- in other words it as volume. Volumeis the amount of three-dimensional space an object occupies. All matter has volume – all matter has mass – a measure of the amountof matter. Matter – anything that has 1. massand 2. takes up space(has volume).

  7. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Matter – anything that takes up space Mass – amount of matter

  8. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties • I. Basic Building Blocks of Matter • The fundamental building blocks of matter are _________ and ______________. These particles make up elements and compounds. • Atom – the ______________ unit of an element that maintains the chemical ________ of that element. • Element – a ________ substance that cannot be broken down into _________, stable substances and is made of ________ type of atom. (Example: Carbon – element and contains ONE kind of atom)

  9. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties • I. Basic Building Blocks of Matter • The fundamental building blocks of matter are atomsand molecules. These particles make up elements and compounds. • Atom – the ______________ unit of an element that maintains the chemical ________ of that element. • Element – a ________ substance that cannot be broken down into _________, stable substances and is made of ________ type of atom. (Example: Carbon – element and contains ONE kind of atom)

  10. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties • I. Basic Building Blocks of Matter • The fundamental building blocks of matter are atomsand molecules. These particles make up elements and compounds. • Atom – the smallestunit of an element that maintains the chemical identityof that element. • Element – a ________ substance that cannot be broken down into _________, stable substances and is made of ________ type of atom. (Example: Carbon – element and contains ONE kind of atom)

  11. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties • I. Basic Building Blocks of Matter • The fundamental building blocks of matter are atomsand molecules. These particles make up elements and compounds. • Atom – the smallestunit of an element that maintains the chemical identityof that element. • Element – a puresubstance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of onetype of atom. (Example: Carbon – element and contains ONE kind of atom)

  12. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Basic Building Blocks of Matter(Continued) • ____________ – a substance that can be broken down into simpler stable substances. Each compound is made from the atoms of ________ ___ _____ elements that are ____________ bonded. • ________ is an example of a compound – the atoms of _________ and __________ are chemically bonded to form a water molecule.

  13. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Basic Building Blocks of Matter(Continued) • Compound– a substance that can be broken down into simpler stable substances. Each compound is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemicallybonded. • ________ is an example of a compound – the atoms of _________ and __________ are chemically bonded to form a water molecule.

  14. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Basic Building Blocks of Matter(Continued) • Compound– a substance that can be broken down into simpler stable substances. Each compound is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemicallybonded. • Water is an example of a compound – the atoms of hydrogenand oxygen are chemically bonded to form a water molecule.

  15. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties II. Properties and Changes in Matter Every substance, element or compound, has _______________ properties that chemists use to distinguish and separate them. Properties may be a characteristic that defines an __________ _______ of substances. Ex: Metals – distinguishing property – conduct electricity

  16. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties II. Properties and Changes in Matter Every substance, element or compound, has characteristics properties that chemists use to distinguish and separate them. Properties may be a characteristic that defines an entire set of substances. Ex: Metals – distinguishing property – conduct electricity

  17. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties • II. Properties and Changes in Matter • Properties are either intensive or extensive: • ________________ properties – depend on the __________ of matter that is present. • Example: volume & ________ • ________________ properties – do NOT depend on the __________ of matter present. • Example: __________/___________ point, density, & ability to conduct electricity

  18. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties • II. Properties and Changes in Matter • Properties are either intensive or extensive: • Extensiveproperties – depend on the amountof matter that is present. • Example: volume & mass • ________________ properties – do NOT depend on the __________ of matter present. • Example: __________/___________ point, density, & ability to conduct electricity

  19. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties • II. Properties and Changes in Matter • Properties are either intensive or extensive: • Extensiveproperties – depend on the amountof matter that is present. • Example: volume & mass • Intensiveproperties – do NOT depend on the amountof matter present. • Example: boiling/meltingpoint, density, & ability to conduct electricity

  20. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties • Properties can be group into two general types: ______________ and ___________ properties. • Physical Properties and Physical Changes • ____________ property – a characteristic that can be ________________ or ________________ without changing the identity of the substance. Physical properties describe a substance itself, rather than describing how it can change into other substance. • Examples: Water - Melting pt = ________ • & Boiling pt = ________

  21. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties • Properties can be group into two general types: Physical and Chemical properties. • Physical Properties and Physical Changes • ____________ property – a characteristic that can be ________________ or ________________ without changing the identity of the substance. Physical properties describe a substance itself, rather than describing how it can change into other substance. • Examples: Water - Melting pt = ________ • & Boiling pt = ________

  22. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties • Properties can be group into two general types: Physical and Chemical properties. • Physical Properties and Physical Changes • Physicalproperty – a characteristic that can be observedor measuredwithout changing the identity of the substance. Physical properties describe a substance itself, rather than describing how it can change into other substance. • Examples: Water - Melting pt = 273K or 0°C • & Boiling pt = 373K or 100°C

  23. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Physical Properties and Physical Changes • ___________ change - a change in a _____________ that does NOT involve a change in the identity of the substance • Examples: Grinding, cutting, melting or boiling a material • __________ of State – a physical change of a substance from one state to another. • Melting and boiling are an important part of these changes.

  24. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Physical Properties and Physical Changes • Physicalchange - a change in a substancethat does NOT involve a change in the identity of the substance • Examples: Grinding, cutting, melting or boiling a material • __________ of State – a physical change of a substance from one state to another. • Melting and boiling are an important part of these changes.

  25. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Physical Properties and Physical Changes • Physicalchange - a change in a substancethat does NOT involve a change in the identity of the substance • Examples: Grinding, cutting, melting or boiling a material • Changeof State – a physical change of a substance from one state to another. • Melting and boiling are an important part of these changes.

  26. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties States of Matter • Solid: matter in this state has ____________ volume and definite ___________. • Solids have this characteristic because the particles are packed together in relatively ______ positions. • Examples: Piece of quartz or coral

  27. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties States of Matter • Solid: matter in this state has definitevolume and definite shape. • Solids have this characteristic because the particles are packed together in relatively fixed positions. • Examples: Piece of quartz or coral

  28. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties States of Matter • 2. _________: matter in this state has a definite _________ but an indefinite ________; the matter assumes the shape of the container - this occurs because liquids’ particles are close together but can _______ past one another. • Particles in liquids move _______ ___________ than those in a solid, causing them to temporarily overcome the strong ___________ ________ between them. • Example: a given quantity of liquid water takes up a definite amount of volume, but the water takes the shape of the container.

  29. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties States of Matter • 2. Liquid: matter in this state has a definite volumebut an indefinite shape; the matter assumes the shape of the container - this occurs because liquids’ particles are close together but can movepast one another. • Particles in liquids move more rapidly than those in a solid, causing them to temporarily overcome the strong attractive forces between them. • Example: a given quantity of liquid water takes up a definite amount of shape, but the water takes the shape of the container.

  30. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties States of Matter • 3. Gas: matter in this state has _________ definite _________ nor definite __________. • Gases are composed of particles that move _______ __________ and are at a ______ distance from one another compared with the particles of liquids/solids. • Example: a given quantity of helium expands to fill any size container and takes the shape of any container.

  31. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties States of Matter • 3. Gas: matter in this state has neitherdefinite volumenor definite shape. • Gases are composed of particles that move very rapidly and are at a greatdistance from one another compared with the particles of liquids/solids. • Example: a given quantity of helium expands to fill any size container and takes the shape of any container.

  32. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties States of Matter • 4. Plasma: _______-____________ physical state of matter in which atoms ______ most of their electrons, particles that make up atoms. • Example: plasma is found • in fluorescent bulbs

  33. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties States of Matter • 4. Plasma: high – temperature physical state of matter in which atoms losemost of their electrons, particles that make up atoms. • Example: plasma is found • in fluorescent bulbs

  34. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties • States Changes • - Melting: the change from ________ to ________ • - Boiling: the change of state from __________ to _______ • - Freezing: opposite of melting; the change from ________ to __________ • Example: when ice melts to liquid water or when liquid boils to form water vapor, the same substance, water, is still present. It just changes states, it does NOT change into a ____________ ____________

  35. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties • States Changes • - Melting: the change from solid to liquid • - Boiling: the change of state from liquid to gas • - Freezing: opposite of melting; the change from liquid to solid. • Example: when ice melts to liquid water or when liquid boils to form water vapor, the same substance, water, is still present. It just changes states, it does NOT change into a different chemical.

  36. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes • Chemical ____________ - relates to a substance’s ability to undergo __________ that transform it into ______________ substances. • Easiest to see when substances react to form a new substance. • Examples: ability of charcoal burns, it combines with oxygen in air to become __________ __________ gas; ability of iron to rust by combining with _________ in air & ability of _______ to tarnish by combining with sulfur

  37. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes • Chemical property- relates to a substance’s ability to undergo changesthat transform it into differentsubstances. • Easiest to see when substances react to form a new substance. • Examples: ability of charcoal burns, it combines with oxygen in air to become carbon dioxide gas; ability of iron to rust by combining with oxygenin air & ability of silverto tarnish by combining with sulfur

  38. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes • _____________ change or chemical ____________ - a change in which one or more _____________ are converted into different substances. • Reactant – the substances that _______ in a chemical change • Products – substances that are ________ in a chemical change • Chemical changes do NOT affect the _______ ______ of matter present before and after a reaction.

  39. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes • Chemicalchange or chemical reaction- a change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances. • Reactant – the substances that reactsin a chemical change • Products – substances that are producedin a chemical change • Chemical changes do NOT affect the total amount of matter present before and after a reaction.

  40. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes • Example: Carbon plus oxygen yields (forms) carbon dioxide • (carbon + oxygen  carbon dioxide) + Sodium Chloride + Sodium Chlorine Reactants Products

  41. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Energy Changes in Matter • When physical or chemical changes occur, ________ is ALWAYS involved. • Sometimes enough energy is involved to cause a _________ change (melting of ice)and sometimes enough energy is involved to cause a ________ change (decomposition of water vapor to form oxygen gas & hydrogen gas) • - Examples of energy: Heat & Light • ** Although energy can be absorbed or released in a change, it is NOT _________ or __________. This is known as the Law of ________________ of _________.

  42. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Energy Changes in Matter • When physical or chemical changes occur, energyis ALWAYS involved. • Sometimes enough energy is involved to cause a physicalchange (melting of ice)and sometimes enough energy is involved to cause a chemical change (decomposition of water vapor to form oxygen gas & hydrogen gas) • - Examples of energy: Heat & Light • ** Although energy can be absorbed or released in a change, it is NOT created or destroyed. This is known as the Law of Conservation of Energy.

  43. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties • III. Classification of Matter • Matter can be classified as either a pure substanceor a mixture. • Pure Substance – composition is the ________ throughout and does _______ vary from sample to sample. • Mixture– contain more than one _____________ and can vary from sample to sample, as well as from one part of the sample to another.

  44. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties • III. Classification of Matter • Matter can be classified as either a pure substanceor a mixture. • Pure Substance – composition is the same throughout and does NOTvary from sample to sample. • Mixture– contain more than one _____________ and can vary from sample to sample, as well as from one part of the sample to another.

  45. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties • III. Classification of Matter • Matter can be classified as either a pure substanceor a mixture. • Pure Substance – composition is the same throughout and does NOTvary from sample to sample. • Mixture– contain more than one substance and can vary from sample to sample, as well as from one part of the sample to another.

  46. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties • III. Classification of Matter • Mixture: • A blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its ______ ____________ and properties. • The parts a mixed together and can be ___________. • Mixtures compositions must be specified – usually by _____ ______ or by _________.

  47. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties • III. Classification of Matter • Mixture: • A blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties. • The parts a mixed together and can be separated. • Mixtures compositions must be specified – usually by % composition or by volume.

  48. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties • III. Classification of Matter • Mixture: • Homogenous mixture/solution - mixture that is ____________ in composition (Example: salt-water) • Heterogeneous mixture – mixture that is _____ uniform throughout (Example: mixture of water and clay, clay is heavier and sinks to the bottom.)

  49. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties • III. Classification of Matter • Mixture: • Homogenous mixture/solution - mixture that is uniformin composition (Example: salt-water) • Heterogeneous mixture – mixture that is NOT uniform throughout (Example: mixture of water and clay, clay is heavier and sinks to the bottom.)

  50. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Homogenous mixture/solution Heterogeneous mixture

More Related