1 / 16

Long Term Memory: Remembering and Forgetting

Long Term Memory: Remembering and Forgetting. Overview. Explicit and Implicit Memory Forgetting Decay, Interference, Retrieval Induced and Directed Forgetting Memory Distortion and False Memories Eyewitness Memory. Types of Memory. Explicit (Declarative) Semantic

trung
Download Presentation

Long Term Memory: Remembering and Forgetting

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Long Term Memory: Remembering and Forgetting

  2. Overview • Explicit and Implicit Memory • Forgetting • Decay, Interference, Retrieval Induced and Directed Forgetting • Memory Distortion and False Memories • Eyewitness Memory

  3. Types of Memory • Explicit (Declarative) • Semantic • Episodic (including Autobiographical) • Implicit (Nondeclarative) • Procedural • Priming • Conditioning • Habituation and Sensitization

  4. Explicit vs. Implicit Memory: Amnesia Cases • MT (Schacter, 1983) • HM – loss of temporal lobes due to epilepsy • Clive Wearing

  5. Explicit vs. Implicit Memory:Prejudice • Prejudice seems to have declined in the last 50 years • People are less likely to indicate they hold prejudices when asked in surveys • Implicit Association Test

  6. Decay Theory • Began with Ebbinghaus (1885) • Over time, unused memories weaken and fade away • Controversial • Implies only passage of time • Perhaps correct cues have not been rediscovered

  7. Interference Theory • Memories interfere with each other • Proactive and Retroactive Interference • Reasons for Interference • Response competition • Unlearning

  8. Retrieval Induced Forgetting • Remembering some aspects of an event can impair retrieval for other aspects of an event • Anderson, Bjork, and Bjork (1994) • Shaw, Bjork, and Handal (1995)

  9. Directed Forgetting • Voluntary and purposeful forgetting of information • Sahakyan & Delaney, 2003- lists and the cost/benefit analysis • Joslyn and Oakes, 2004- diary study

  10. Memory Distortion: Bias • Hastorf and Cantril (1954): They Saw a Game

  11. False Memories • Lost in a Mall (Pickrell and Loftus, 1995) • Imagination Inflation- • Garry, Manning, Loftus, and Sherman (1996) • Thomas and Loftus (2002)

  12. False Memories • Source misattribution • Advertising

  13. The Impact of Eyewitnesses • Center for Wrongful Conviction study of 86 legally exonerated people found: • 53.5%: Eyewitness testimony played a role • 38.4%: Eyewitness was only evidence • In 32 cases, only 1 eyewitness • Mock Jury study • Eyewitness confidence is related to juror conviction

  14. Event Factors • Exposure time • Detail Salience • Types of Facts • Duration, Speed, Distance

  15. Witness Factors • Stress and memory • Weapon focus • Expectations • Biases • Cultural beliefs

  16. The Misinformation Effect • Loftus, Miller and Burns (1978) • Leading/Suggestive questioning • Social contagion effects • Lineups and Mugshots

More Related