Exploring Biology: The Science of Life

1. Chapter 1 Biology: Science of Life

2. What is Science? • A verifiable process – must be testable! • Evidenciary • Collaborative • Constantly questioning the known, the unknown, and each other • Looking for, and trying to solve problems

3. Overview

4. Experimental Design recap • Control/ Control group: comparative group; the usual conditions • Experimental group: tested group; alter one condition to compare to control group • Independent variable: altered factor, manipulated variable • Dependent variable: measured factor, responding varibale, data collected • Constant: unchanged factor(s), controlled variables

5. Analyze and represent data

6. Biology: Science of Life • Study past, present and future life • Interactions • Structures • Functions • Solve biological problems • Agriculture • Disease • Conservation/Remediation

7. What is life? We decide: • 1+ cells • Organization • Grow/develop • Reproduce • Respond to Stimuli • Use Energy • Homeostasis • Adapt/Genetics

8. Life Traits I • 1+ cells • The cell is the basic unit of life • What does basic unit mean? • Organization • Atoms->molecules->cells->tissues->organs->organ systems->organism (assuming multicellular) • How do we amend this sequence if the organism is unicellular? • Grow/develop • Increase cell size and/or increase cell number • Go through stages of maturity • Homeostasis • Regulate internal conditions Ex: temp, water, blood sugar

9. Life Traits II • Reproduce • Species = group of organisms that can interbreed to produce viable (fertile) offspring • Respond to Stimuli • Able to process and react to internal/external environ. • Use Energy • Get/make food (chemical energy) to fuel metabolism, get energy (ATP) to power processes • Adapt/Genetics • Change in inherited traits over time

10. Details on Characteristics • Cells:

11. Details on Characteristics II • REPRODUCTION:

12. More on Reproduction… • Bacteria (unicellular, asexual) can exchange genetic info between individuals to increase genetic variation • Called “conjugation” • Remember: genetic variability is a good thing for evolutionary survival!!

13. Details on Characteristics III • Adaptation/Response

14. Details on Characteristics III • Energy use

15. More on Autotrophy… There are two general processes: • Photosynthesis • use sun as energy needed to make food • Chemosynthesis • use chemicals as energy • Hydrothermal deep sea vents

16. Life vs. Viruses • Bacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals are living; viruses are NOT • living things have ALL characteristics of life, viruses do not exhibit all • NOTE: anything you need a microscope to see is called a “microbe”, anything that causes disease is called a “pathogen”. • MOST bacteria do not cause human illness!! Viruses: • are acellular • do not (generally) reproduce themselves • do not use energy/ have a metabolism

17. The Study of Life FQ 2 Chapter 1 1.1 Formative Questions • A • B • C • D What is the process of change that takes place during the life of an organism? adaptation development growth maturation

18. The Study of Life FQ 3 Chapter 1 1.1 Formative Questions • A • B • C • D Some species of plants begin opening their flowers in the morning when they are exposed to sunlight. What characteristic of living things does this represent? acquiring energy adapting to the environment displaying organization responding to stimuli

19. The Study of Life FQ 4 Chapter 1 1.1 Formative Questions • A • B • C • D What process regulates an organism’s internal conditions and keeps them stable? adaptation equilibrium homeostasis metabolism

20. The Study of Life FQ 5 Chapter 1 1.2 Formative Questions • A • B • C • D What is a theory? a body of knowledge about a natural phenomenon a creative tool for designing investigations a scientific inquiry that seeks to provide an explanation an explanation supported by observations and experiments

21. The Study of Life FQ 6 Chapter 1 1.2 Formative Questions • A • B Scientists discard observations and data that are not consistent with current scientific understanding. true false

22. The Study of Life FQ 7 Chapter 1 1.2 Formative Questions • A • B • C • D A scientist wants to report the findings from her investigations. Before her information can be published, what must it go through? forensics peer review scientific methods the metric system

23. Scientific Theory • Explains natural phenomenon • Supported by observations/experiments • Always same results • Not a hypothesis • Can be modified or discarded by NEW info • Ex. Gravity, cells, tectonic plates

24. The Study of Life FQ 9 Chapter 1 1.3 Formative Questions • A • B • C • D When you form a logical conclusion based on your observations and what you already know, what are you making? a conjecture an inference a speculation a theory

25. The Study of Life FQ 10 Chapter 1 1.3 Formative Questions • A • B • C • D What is a hypothesis? a defined question a curious assumption a tested inference a testable explanation

26. The Study of Life FQ 11 Chapter 1 1.3 Formative Questions • A • B • C • D What type of discovery is a serendipitous discovery? accidental anticipated ingenious whimsical

27. The Study of Life Answer: Using the same system of measurements allows a scientist to repeat another’s work knowing that he or she is performing the experiments exactly the same. Chapter 1 Chapter Diagnostic Questions Why is the metric system preferred by scientists?

28. The Study of Life CDQ 2 Chapter 1 Chapter Diagnostic Questions • A • B • C • D What is a testable explanation? observation hypothesis experiment constant

29. The Study of Life CDQ 3 Chapter 1 Chapter Diagnostic Questions • A • B • C • D Which is not a characteristic of all organisms? made of one or more cells grows and develops capable of rational thought maintains homeostasis

30. The Study of Life CAQ 1 Chapter 1 Chapter Assessment Questions • A • B • C • D Identify the term used to describe an explanation of a natural phenomenon supported by observation and experimentation. forensics natural law theory physics

31. The Study of Life CAQ 2 Chapter 1 Chapter Assessment Questions • A • B • C • D In a controlled experiment, which factor is changed by the experimenter? control group experimental group dependent variable independent variable

32. The Study of Life Chapter 1 CAQ 3 Chapter Assessment Questions Look at the figure below. Why is scientific data often displayed in graphs?

33. The Study of Life Answer: Graphs help show patterns in the data and make it easier to understand. Chapter 1 CAQ 4 Chapter Assessment Questions

34. The Study of Life STP 5 mass number of days Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice • A • B Which is the dependent variable in this experiment?

35. The Study of Life STP 1 Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice • A • B • C • D Which biological science was Jane Goodall studying when she observed chimpanzees? ecology genetics animal behavior biotechnology

36. The Study of Life STP 2 Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice • A • B • C • D In which activity would an environmental biologist most likely be involved? genetically engineering plants finding ways to protect species preventing the spread of disease developing new medicines and vaccines

37. The Study of Life STP 3 Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice • A • B • C • D Which is an indication that an idea is based on pseudoscience? It brings up more questions. It causes disagreement and debate. It does not welcome scientific investigation. It does not receive acceptance by scientists.

38. The Study of Life STP 4 Chapter 1 Standardized Test Practice • A • B • C • D Scientists use laboratory rats to test the effects of a new drug, Razatrin. What do rats in the control group receive? food containing Razatrin food without Razatrin food containing another drug food containing a variety of drugs No food