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Exploring American History Unit X – Modern America

Exploring American History Unit X – Modern America. Chapter 30– Searching for Order Section 3 – The Reagan Presidency. The Reagan Presidency. The Big Idea President Reagan enacted conservative policies at home and took a strong anti-Communist stance in the Cold War. Main Ideas

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Exploring American History Unit X – Modern America

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  1. Exploring American HistoryUnit X – Modern America Chapter 30– Searching for Order Section 3 – The Reagan Presidency

  2. The Reagan Presidency • The Big Idea • President Reagan enacted conservative policies at home and took a strong anti-Communist stance in the Cold War. • Main Ideas • President Reagan based his policies on conservative ideas. • Reagan took a tough stand against communism in his foreign policy.

  3. Iran Hostage crisis • The overthrow of Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlevi of Iran by an Islamic revolutionary government earlier in the year had led to a steady deterioration in Iran-U.S. relations. In response to the exiled shah’s admission (Sept., 1979) to the United States for medical treatment, a crowd of about 500 seized the embassy. Of the approximately 90 people inside the embassy, 52 remained in captivity until the end of the crisis. • On Jan. 20, 1981, the day of President Reagan’s inauguration, the United States released almost $8 billion in Iranian assets and the 52 hostages were freed after 444 days in Iranian detention; the agreement gave Iran immunity from lawsuits arising from the incident.

  4. Nicaragua – 1980’s • 1st Boland Amendment 1982 • Can not use government funds to overthrow the Sandanistas. • Only send non-military aid- food, clothing and medicine. • April 1984 • CIA and Contras plant mines in Nicaraguan Harbors. • CIA war manual given to Contras- blackmail and assassination. • 2nd Boland Amendment- 1984 • bars CIA and other government agencies from giving military aid to the Contras. 1:10 min.

  5. Nicaragua – 1980’s Marxist Sandanistas have taken control- tied to Cuba.U.S. to stop the Communist influence pressured Nicaragua to become Democratic.CIA armed rebels to oppose the Sandanistas- “The Contras” 4:24 min .

  6. Iran-Contra Affair- 1:23 min .

  7. Reducing Nuclear Arms- INF - 3:18 min.

  8. 1980’s Culture • The 1980s became the Me! Me! Me! generation of status seekers. • During the 1980s, hostile takeovers, leveraged buyouts, and mega-mergers spawned a new breed of billionaire. Donald Trump, Leona Helmsley, and Ivan Boesky iconed the meteoric rise and fall of the rich and famous. • If you've got it, flaunt it ; You can have it all! Binge buying and credit became a way of life and 'Shop Til you Drop'were all watchwords.

  9. FACTS about this decade • Population: 226,546,000Unemployed in 1980: National Debt: 1980 - $914,000,000,000 National Debt: 1986 - $2,000,000,000,000 Average salary: $15,757 Life Expectancy: Male 69.9 Female 77.6 Minimum Wage: $3.10 BMW was $12,000; Mercedes 280 E was $14,800 Attendance: Movies 20 million/week

  10. Interesting events • Toxic Shock Toxic shock syndrome is a rare, life-threatening bacterial infection that has been most often associated with the use of superabsorbent tampons and occasionally with the use of contraceptive sponges. • In 1980, an outbreak of toxic shock syndrome occurred that mostly involved young women who had been using a particular brand of superabsorbent tampons. The cause of the outbreak seemed to be toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus (staph) bacteria • Medicare-our country’s health insurance program for people age 65 or older. Certain people younger than age 65 can qualify for Medicare, too, including those who have disabilities and those who have permanent kidney failure. The program helps with the cost of health care, but it does not cover all medical expenses or the cost of most long-term care. Medicare is financed by a portion of the payroll taxes paid by workers and their employers. It also is financed in part by monthly premiums deducted from Social Security checks. • “Just Say No!” Nancy Reagan’s active campaign against drug and alcohol abuse. • Vietnam Veterans Memorial-The official name of the Memorial is the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. It is sometimes referred to as VVM or "the Wall". The figures are called "The Three Servicemen". This is not a war Memorial but a Memorial to those who served in the war, both living and dead.

  11. Sandra Day O’Conner Interesting people Wayne Williams Nancy Reagan • Wayne Williams- From October 1979 to May 1981, Wayne Williams killed twenty-seven young black boys in Atlanta. At trial Williams was found guilty and sentenced to life imprisonment. • Sandra Day O’Conner- first woman supreme court justice. • Geraldine Ferraro-first woman vice-presidential candidate. • Jesse Jackson- first black presidential candidate. • Rock Hudson- famous actor who died of AIDs • Jim Bakker-televangelist who was sentenced to 45 years for selling bogus lifetime vacations. • Nancy Reagan- President Reagan’s wife and first lady who started the “Just Say No” to drugs program Jim Bakker Geraldine Ferraro Jesse Jackson

  12. Education • 1980 study by UCLA and American Council on Education indicated that college freshmen were more interested in status, power, and money than at any time during the past 15 years. Business Management was the most popular major. • American education came under fire during the 1980s. Liberals cried out against budget cuts and rising student costs. School districts offered teachers exams and exit exams became a part of graduating for Education majors. • Conservatives like E.D.Hirsch, Jr. and William Bennett advocated a return to the classics for college students and back to the basic skills for public school students. An attempt was made to improve the teacher quality by raising salaries slightly. Efforts to censor books tripled in the eighties. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn , The Grapes of Wrath, and Catcher in the Rye were among books banned in New York State. Roget's Thesaurus banned sexist categories: mankind becamehumankind; countryman became country dweller. Columbia University, the last all male Ivy League school, began accepting women in 1983. President Reagan endorsed a constitutional amendment to permit school prayer. It was defeated.

  13. Medical Advances • Research money allowed for studies and new treatments for heart, cancer, and other diseases. • Major advances in genetics research led to the 1988 funding of the Human Genome Project. This project will locate the estimated 80,000 genes contained in human DNA.

  14. Sports • Team sports for kids were really popular beginning in the seventies and going through the present. Eighties' mothers ran carpool after work, kids had after school and week end cheerleading, baseball, football, soccer, gym, dance, jazz, you name it!

  15. Fashions 80's FlopsRa ra and bubble skirts ; Fluorescent socks and t-shirts: Drop waisted dresses : Lace gloves : Fergie bows - in the hair White leather fringed cowboy boots - Not unless you're Dolly Parton and you're boot scooting!80's FabulousTie sleeve and Batwing tops - Drop earrings - Micro minis - Big gold earrings - Multiple belts - Coloured tights - and This time round, pair coloured or camel toned fishnet tights with a knee length skirt, knee high leather boots and a turtleneck for a subtly funky effect. Leg warmers.

  16. Fads • Big Hair • Skater hair and flat tops and Punk • Painter hats and pierced ears. • Michael Jackson Thriller coat • OP, Izod, Argyle- Hawaiian and Rugby Shirts. • Parachute pants. • Converse Hightops • Pegged jeans • Jelly shoes • Zubaz and spandex • Valley Girl • Michael Jackson glove and Miami Vice look • Swatch watches • Rubiks cube • Pacman, Nintendo, and Gameboy • Smurf, ET, and Cabbage Patch Dolls • Sneakers

  17. Music • Cable TV and MTV • Slam dancing and break dancing • Vogueing (posing) • Pop, rock, new wave, punk, country, and especially rap or hip hop • Milli Vanilli, M. C. Hammer , Vanilla Ice, and L.L. Cool J.

  18. Movies • Nerds- Revenge of the Nerds, Lucas, Stand by Me, andPeggy Sue Got Married. TV joined the nerd ranks with ABC's hit series Head of the Class • In 1981, VCR sales rose 72% in 12 months. • By 1989, 60 percent of American households with televisions received cable service. • Huge or memorable movies of the decade included On Golden Pond, Tootsie, Arthur, Stephen Spielberg Movies like E.T. THE EXTRA-TERRESTRIAL, The Big Chill, Flashdance, Beverly Hills Cop, Out of Africa, Back to the Future, Cocoon, The Breakfast Club,Platoon,Star Trek,Good Morning Vietnam, Fatal Attraction, Rain Man, and Driving Miss Daisy.

  19. Television • Anti-family sitcoms like Roseanne and Married...with Children; • Tabloid tv with Geraldo, Phil, Sally, and Oprah • Stand up comicsincluded Gary Shandling, Jane Curtin, George Carlin, Jackie Mason, Bill Cosby, Jerry Seinfeld, and Tracy Ullman; • Info-tainment includedNightline with Ted Koppel, CNN Cable News,and 20/20 with Hugh Downs and Barbara Walters. 60 Minuteswhich had first aired in 1968 was bigger than ever.

  20. Foods • Food of the 80s included the popular fast food places like Taco Bell and • McDonald's McDLT and McRib. Kids loved Sweetarts, Skittles, Nerds, Runts, Hubba Bubba Chewing Gum, and Five Alive.

  21. Soviets Invade Afghanistan • The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan was a 10-year war fought between the Soviet Red Army, Afghan, and foreign fighters in Afghanistan. The 'shooting' war is generally held to have started December 24, 1979. Soviet troops ultimately withdrew from the area between May 15, 1988 and February 2, 1989. The Soviet Union officially announced that all of its troops had left Afghanistan on February 15. • The CIA invested US$2.1 billion over a 10-year period to create an anti-Soviet resistance. • USSR- 15,000 Killed,53,000 Wounded • Afghanistan- 90,000 Killed, 90,000 Wounded, Roughly 1.3 Million Civilian deaths. • One of these benefactors of the war was Osama bin Laden • Resistance fighters, called mujahidin, saw the Christian or atheist Soviets controlling Afghanistan as a defilement of Islam as well as of their traditional culture. Proclaiming a "jihad"(holy war), they gained the support of the Islamic world. The US gave them weapons and money. The mujahidin employed guerrilla tactics against the Soviets. • U.S stops grain sales to USSR and boycotts Moscow Olympics.

  22. John Lennon shot and killed • John Lennon was shot and killed in New York. The gunman, Mark Chapman, apparently shouted 'I am the Catcher in the Rye' just before dropping to the ground and firing the weapon.

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