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Class: Prep II Subject: History Topic: A Young Country (Bangladesh Liberation War)

Class: Prep II Subject: History Topic: A Young Country (Bangladesh Liberation War) Presentation by: Maimoona Kashif. Background and Reasons. Geographical Split: East and West Pakistan: Distance by land:1200 miles, by sea 3000 miles.

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Class: Prep II Subject: History Topic: A Young Country (Bangladesh Liberation War)

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  1. Class: Prep II Subject: History Topic: A Young Country (Bangladesh Liberation War) Presentation by: Maimoona Kashif

  2. Background and Reasons Geographical Split: East and West Pakistan: Distance by land:1200 miles, by sea 3000 miles. Cultural Differences: Two wings of Pakistan had rich but different cultures/customs/ standard time/calendar/cuisine Bangladesh Liberation War

  3. Background and Reasons (cont.) 3. Language controversy: Main language of West Pakistan was Urdu. Main language of East Pakistan was Bengali. (Urdu was declared as the only official language of Pakistan by Jinnah in 1948 in Dacca) Bangladesh Liberation War

  4. Background and Reasons 4. Political instability: Frequent changes of leadership and other political problems faced by Pakistan Bangladesh Liberation War

  5. Background and Reasons (cont.) 5. Perception of East Pakistanis about West Pakistanis: Many people in East Pakistan thought that West Pakistanis lived far away, knew little or nothing about East Pakistan and cared even less. Bangladesh Liberation War

  6. Background and Reasons (cont.) 6. Political exploitation: East Pakistan resented being ruled by a govt. based in West Pakistan though most population (4/7) lived in East Pakistan Bangladesh Liberation War

  7. Background and Reasons (cont.) 7. Economical exploitation: West Pakistan received 14.5% more money than East Pakistan from the common budget. Bangladesh Liberation War

  8. Background and Reasons (cont.) 8. Tropical cyclone:Bhola cyclone, in 1970, caused about 30 to 50 thousands deaths in East Pakistan and enhanced the tensed situation. People were angry at the help provided by West Pakistan. They blamed the govt. and called for the resignation of the president Yahya Khan.

  9. Beginning: • Despite efforts the split between the two wing became greater. • March 1971 Shaikh Mujeeb-ur-Rehman (leader of the main political party in EP) called for struggle for freedom. • Was arrested, trialed and imprisoned. Bangladesh Liberation War

  10. Beginning: • An East Pakistani military unit started mutiny. • Army operation in EP on March 25th 1971. • Mutineers fled to India Bangladesh Liberation War

  11. Role played by India • supported mutineers. • declared war on Pakistan. • three – pronged attack on Pakistan (by ground, air and sea). Bangladesh Liberation War(cont) End of war • 16th December 1971, it ended in surrender of Pakistan.

  12. What happened next? • 20th December 1971, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto took charge in West Pakistan. • Shaikh Mujeeb-ur-Rehman was released. Bangladesh Liberation War(cont)

  13. What happened next? (cont.) • January 1972 Bangladesh was established as a new country • Shaikh Mujeeb-ur-Rehman became its first Prime Minister Bangladesh Liberation War(cont)

  14. Role played by Soviet Union • supported India (Military support and Diplomatic assurances). • Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation was signed in 1971 by India with Soviet Union. • Provided arms which were used in the war by India, (India became dominant in South Asia after war). Bangladesh Liberation War(cont)

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