1 / 56

Perception: The Power of Selective Attention and Gestalt Psychology

Explore the fascinating world of perception, learn about selective attention and the Gestalt principles that shape our perception of the world. Discover how our brain processes visual information and gain insight into depth perception and perceptual constancy.

mlarson
Download Presentation

Perception: The Power of Selective Attention and Gestalt Psychology

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Warm up • Get out hw • 5 mins to study

  2. Word Bank • Eardrum • Ossicles • Hammer • Cochlea • Outer ear • Anvil • Neural Impulse • Sound Waves • Basiliar Membrane • Stirup • Oval Window • Hair Cells • transduction

  3. Chapter 6: Perception

  4. Perception • Selective Attention: the focus of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus.

  5. Selective Attention • The most famous example to illustrate selective attention is known as the “cocktail party effect.” • http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/20/silent-gorilla-study-concentration-deaf_n_1612843.html?utm_hp_ref=science&icid=maing-grid7%7Cmain5%7Cdl5%7Csec1_lnk3%26pLid%3D171994

  6. Testing Selective Attention

  7. Perception • Visual Capture:refers to the tendency for vision to dominate the other senses.

  8. Perceptual Organization • Gestalt: an organized whole. • Gestalt psychologists emphasize humans’ tendencies to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes. • Things are not seen as sum of parts but immediately as wholes.

  9. Gestalt

  10. Perceptual Organization • Figure-Ground Relationship: tendency to organize information into objects (figure) that stand out from their background(ground)

  11. Figure Ground Relationship

  12. Gestalt Psychology • Grouping:the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups • Grouping Principles: • Proximity • Similarity • Continuity • Closure • Connectedness

  13. Proximity: tendency to group nearby figures together

  14. Similarity: tendency to group figures that are similar

  15. Continuity: tendency to perceive continuous patterns

  16. Closure: tendency to fill in the gaps in visual information.

  17. Connectedness: spots, lines and areas are seen as unit when connected

  18. Illusionary Contours: We constantly filter information so it makes sense to us.

  19. Depth Perception • Depth Perception: the ability to see objects in three dimensions. Allows us to gauge distance. • Visual Cliff: illustrated that crawling infants and newborns perceive depth.

  20. Types of Depth Perception • Binocular Cues: depth cues that rely on the use of two eyes. • Examples of Binocular Cues: • Retinal Disparity: idea that images of an object from the two eyes differ. The closer the object, the larger the difference (disparity.) • Convergence: extent to which the eyes converge inward when looking at an object that brain keeps track of to measure distance.

  21. Types of Depth Perception • Monocular Cues: distance cues that are available to either eye alone. Often used in art. • Examples of Monocular Cues • Relative size: smaller image is more distant • Interposition:closer object blocks distant object • Relative Clarity:hazy object seen as more distant • Texture:coarse=close ; fine=distant

  22. Types of Depth Perception • Examples of Monocular Cues Continued: • Relative Height: higher objects seen as more distant • Relative Motion: closer objects seem to move faster • Linear Perspective: parallel lines converge with distance • Relative Brightness: closer objects appear brighter • Light and Shadow: nearby objects reflect more light to our eyes.

  23. Monocular Cue?

  24. Monocular Cue?

  25. Monocular Cue?

  26. What Cues Do You See?

  27. How many Legs?

  28. Perceptual Constancy • Perceptual Constancy: perceiving objects as unchanging despite changes in retinal image • color • shape • size

  29. Interplay Between Perceived Size and Distance • Using monocular cues for distance can often cause us to perceive incorrect information.

  30. Diameter of Circles Are the Same

  31. Muller-Lyer Illusion

  32. Warm Up • On the overhead • Page 39

  33. Cultural Influences on Depth Perception

  34. Impossible Image

  35. Impossible Staircase

  36. Warm Up • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KApieSGlyBk

  37. Sensory Deprivation and Perception • Blind Person Example • Some aspects of perception might be innate • Others involve experiences • Critical period for development of sensation and perception

  38. Sensory Deprivation and Perception Kittens raised without exposure to horizontal lines later had difficulty perceiving horizontal bars.

  39. Perceptual Adaptation • Perceptual Adaptation • (vision) ability to adjust to an artificially displaced visual field • prism glasses

  40. http://jeffmilner.com/backmasking.htm

  41. Perceptual Interpretation • Perceptual Set: a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another. • What you see in the middle is influenced by if you looked at bottom or the top

  42. Lochness Monster or a Tree Trunk?

More Related