Industrial Revolution: Changing History Forever

1. Warm-Up What do you consider to be the greatest invention in history? Why?

2. Chapter 11The Industrial Revolution

3. Industrial Revolution • Industrial Revolution – factory machines replaced hand tools, and large-scale manufacturing replaced farming. • Inventions of machines made it possible for unskilled workers to produce items quickly. • Changed the way goods were produced • Cottage Industry – making things at home prior to industrialization

4. Samuel Slater • Samuel Slater – sailed to the United States from Britain and brought the idea of machines for making thread and cloth

5. Factories • Factory system – brought people and machines together under one roof • People left farms and crowded into cities where factories were. • Factories needed a source of power = water

6. New England states • The New England states became a good place to set up factories - WHY?? • Factories needed water for power – New England had many fast moving rivers • Transporting goods – easy access to the ocean for ships • No farming – people here were looking for jobs and willing to work

7. Children work • Many workers in factories were women and children • Children could often produce more cloth, more quickly • Children as young as 7 were common workers

8. Women work • Lowell Mills – textile mills in village of Lowell Massachusetts • Machines spun raw cotton into yarn • Mills employed farm girls – Lowell girls • Girls lived in boarding houses & worked 12 hour days

9. Lowell Girls

10. Eli Whitney • Interchangeable parts - Eli Whitney invented machine-made parts that were exactly alike • This sped up production & made repairs easier • Cheaper for factories to produce goods • 1798 – demonstrated to Congress

12. Assembly Line Production • Possible because of advances in technology • interchangeable parts • steam powered machinery • Worker didn’t have to know how to build a product from start to finish • good for unskilled workers • jobs for immigrants

13. Transportation • Robert Fulton – invented a steamboat that could move against the current or wind • The Clermont could carry passengers much easier on water – moved people and goods very quickly • More efficient method of transporting goods and people

14. Steamboat

15. Telegraph • Samuel Morse – invented a telegraph that would send pulses of electricity down a wire • Morse code • Telegraph lines spanned the country making communication quicker & easier

16. Farming inventions • John Deere – invented a lightweight steel plow that made preparing soil much less work

17. Farming Inventions • Cyrus McCormick – invented a reaper which cut through grain • New technology in farming allowed for more food quicker and cheaper • HOW? The grain cut by this reaper fell on a platform, from which it was raked by a person walking beside the machine

18. The Cotton Gin • Eli Whitney – invented the cotton gin – a machine for cleaning cotton • One worker (slave) could clean as much as 50 pounds of cotton a day in comparison to 1 pound by hand • This will lead to the need for more slaves to pick more cotton

19. Cotton Gin

20. Farming Inventions • Agriculture/Farming Inventions

21. The Cotton Boom The cotton gin changed southern life:

22. Slavery • Cotton Kingdom – became the nickname of the South because of all the cotton plantations • 8% of African Americans in South were free – 92% were slaves

23. Slavery • Most famous slave rebellion was led by Nat Turner • Turner and 70 followers killed 55 white men, women & children • Turner was caught and he was tried and hanged • Caused whites fear in the South – harsh laws were passed for slaves

24. Nationalism • 1800’s • NORTH – factories and industry • SOUTH – plantations with cotton • Nationalism – a feeling of pride & joy in your country • This feeling of nationalism began to spread after the War of 1812

25. Roads & Canals • U.S. needed better transportation systems • Erie Canal – created a water route between New York City and the Great Lakes • Unified 2 sections of the country • Trade & goods flow throughout the U.S.

26. Erie Canal

27. Transportation • Erie Canal helped New York city to become nation’s largest city • 1830’s – nation began to use steam-powered trains to move goods & people

28. 5th President • James Monroe became the 5th president in 1816 • Era of Good Feelings - bitter political disputes appeared to have ended • Increased nationalism & patriotism • Everyone seemed to be getting along

29. Sectionalism • Sectionalism – loyalty to the interests of your own region of the country, rather than the nation • NORTH – industry & factories • SOUTH – farming, agriculture & plantations • The country began to divide because of differences in jobs, industry & people

30. Sectionalism

31. Missouri Compromise • For months the nation argued whether to admit Missouri as a slave state or a free state • WHY? People wanted an equal number of free states & slaves states in Congress so one could not out-vote the other • Missouri Compromise – Missouri would be admitted as a slave state, Maine would be admitted as a free state

32. Missouri Compromise 13 Free States...13 Slave States

33. Monroe Doctrine • Some Latin American countries gained their independence from Spain • Monroe did not want Europe colonizing or interferring with the U.S. or Latin America • Monroe Doctrine – U.S. would not interfere with European nations or their colonies but they must leave Latin America alone.

34. Monroe Doctrine Monroe agreed with Washington’s Farewell Address – stay out of foreign affairs