Warm-up

1. Warm-up • What is the opportunity cost for Egypt to produce 1 bushel of corn? Cotton? • Same for Venezuela? • Who should specialize in corn? Why? • Who should specialize in cotton? Why?

2. International Economics EQ: Why should we trade with other nations?

3. What is meant by a FAVORABLE balance of trade? Balance of Trade is-- = Value of the Exports Value of the imports What do we call it when -- > Value of the exports Value of the imports Trade Surplus < What do we call it when -- Value of the exports Value of the imports THE U.S.A!! Trade Deficit

4. Squanderville versus Thriftville • What is the fundamental problem for Squanderville? • Why does Thriftville have an advantage? • How does squnderville fund its trade deficit? • Why might Thriftville eventually not accept this form of payment? • What is the end result for Squanderville?

5. What is the U.S. trade deficit? Why do you think it decreased during the recession?

6. Analyze…. • What can we say about the green nations? • How about the red?

7. What is the relationship to the trade and GDP in a open economy? Y = C + I + G + NX

8. Warm-up • What do exchange rates represent? • Where are currencies exchanged? • If the Euro appreciates relative to the dollar, how will it effect the cost of German goods for someone in the U.S.? • What will be the effect of a depreciation of the dollar against the Euro? • Why is the U.S. not happy about China holding the value of its currency down against the dollar?

9. Where is your shirt from? • Are we a global economy? • What is economic interdependence?

10. So, where do most U.S. imports come from?

11. Japanese Shipping Company

12. Korean Shipping Company

16. It is fairly obvious, which country is our #1 trading partner? CANADA

17. Top 15 International Trading Partners 1. Canada 2. China 3. Mexico 4. Japan 5. Germany 6. United Kingdom 7. South Korea 8. France 9. Taiwan10. Netherlands

18. Top 5 Countries Receiving U.S. Exports • Canada • 2. Mexico • 3. Japan • 4. China • 5. United Kingdom Top 5 Countries Supplying U.S. Imports 1. Canada 2. China 3. Mexico 4. Japan 5. Germany

21. What is the U.S. # 1 import?

22. What does the U.S. export? • fuel • aircrafts • automobiles • Telecom equipment

23. EQ • What are the effects of trade on the Balance of payments (i.e. will China own us)?

24. BOP Video • From VE4

25. Review • What happens when a Japanese firm sells a car to a U.S. citizen? • What does this do to the balance of trade? • What currency does Japan receive? • What can Japan do with those dollars? • How are the current and capital account affected?

26. International Flows of Goods and Capital: Summary

28. Review • If interest rates in the United States are increasing faster than interest rates in other countries, what happens to the following? • Demand for dollars • Supply of dollars • The value of the dollar

29. Exchange Rates Why do they fluctuate?

30. Assume that the United States and France are the only two countries in the world and that exchange rates between the two countries are flexible. Assume that there is an increase in the U.S. demand for French goods. Explain how this increase in demand will affect each of the following. (i) The supply of dollars (ii) The international value of the dollar

31. Currency doesn’t flow this way Euro French goods S u p p l y P a y dollar P P S S P1 S1 P P D1 P1 D buy D Q Q1 Q Q Q Q1 Euro Dollar Exchange Market

32. Assume that there is an increase in real interest rates in the U.S., but not in France. Explain how this increase in interest rates will affect each of the following: (i) The international value of the dollar in the foreign exchange market (ii) The quantity of dollars supplied in the foreign exchange market

33. In the U.S. Receive higher interest rate How do you do it? Go through the-- If you lived in France, where would you like to invest your hard-earned money? S u p p l y I N V E S T Increase in interest rates in U.S. relative to France. Exchange Market S S P1 S1 Buy Dollars P P P1 D1 D D Q Q1 Euro Q Q1 Dollar

34. Summary • What happens to the balance of trade when the U.S. dollar appreciates? Depreciates? • What effect does contractionary monetary policy have on the value of the U.S. dollar on the international currency market? Why?

35. ? ? ? ? ? ?

36. How might exchange rates affect your everyday lives? • http://www.npr.org/blogs/money/2011/11/21/142500594/why-a-new-york-cheese-buyer-hangs-on-the-euros-fate • Where does Murray’s get most of its cheese? • How is Aaron Foster’s financial well-being tied into Europe? • In what currency does Aaron purchase his cheese? • How does the cheese get to the port for shipment in Europe? • Does he pay more or less from his cheese when the Euro drops in value? • Why does he not want the situation in Europe to worsen?

37. Real Exchange Rates • The real exchange rate compares the prices of domestic goods and foreign goods in the domestic economy. • If a case of German beer is twice as expensive as American beer, the real exchange rate is 1/2 case of German beer per case of American beer.

38. × Nominal ex change rat e Domestic p rice Real excha nge rate = Foreign pr ice Real Exchange Rates • The real exchange rate is a key determinant of how much a country exports and imports.

39. Real Exchange Rates

40. http://www.econedlink.org/interactives/index.php?iid=151 • Why would China want to intentionally keep the value of their currency low? • What drawbacks could there be to China? • How does this affect the U.S. currency? • What about the current and capital accounts?

42. Boeing 787

44. Boeing 787, a Global Project List three possible benefits Boeing receives as a result of partnering with companies in other countries. 1. 2. 3. List three common characteristics all of the countries making parts for the 787 share. 1. 2. 3. List three possible costs of Boeing’s decision to purchase 787 parts from companies in other countries. 1. 2. 3. How is the production of the Boeing 787 a good example of explaining specialization and comparative advantage?

45. With a partner, why do nations trade?Why should they not trade?

46. Movie Questions • What are two arguments for free-trade (think about NAFTA)? • What is an argument against? • What are four barriers to trade? • Of these barriers, which one is predominantly used for political reasons?

47. Protectionism • What are the ways that governments protect domestic industry from free trade? • What are the arguments for? • What are the arguments against?

48. White boards • What is the equation for a balance of trade deficit? • Draw a graph showing what happens to the U.S. $ when interest rates increase relative to the rest of the world. • What happens to the U.S. balance of trade when the dollar appreciates? • If a nation’s currency appreciates what happens to NX? • Aggregate Demand? • If U.S. demand for Japanese goods increases, will the U.S. pay more or less for Japanese goods? • What happens to exports when the U.S. $ appreciates? • Name 3 factors that will cause an increase in U.S. imports. • Create a scenario that would affect the U.S. current account. • Capital account. • A nation can fund a deficit on its current account with a surplus on its ____________ acct • What is the effect on contractionary monetary policy on interest rates and exchange rates?

49. Draw a loanable funds graph • Where do savings come from? • Where does demand come from? • What does price level have to do with interest rates? • Monetary policy affects RGDP in the _______ run only. • What does Keynes blame for recessions?

50. Globalization Search