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This chapter delves into the transformative ideas of the Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution, focusing on the shift from geocentric to heliocentric theories in astronomy, propelled by thinkers like Copernicus, Galileo, and Descartes. It explores the emergence of the scientific method and the impact of Enlightenment philosophies championed by Locke, Rousseau, and Montesquieu. The intersections of these intellectual movements with political events like the American Revolution, led by figures such as Jefferson and Washington, highlight the evolving concepts of democracy and social contracts.
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Enlightenment and Revolution Chapter 5
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