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Chapter 1

Chapter 1. Biology and You. Characteristics of Living Organisms. Biology is the study of life. All living organisms share certain general properties that separate them from nonliving things. Properties of Life Cellular organization Reproduction Metabolism Homeostasis Heredity

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Chapter 1

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  1. Chapter 1 Biology and You

  2. Characteristics of Living Organisms Biology is the study of life. All living organisms share certain general properties that separate them from nonliving things. Properties of Life • Cellular organization • Reproduction • Metabolism • Homeostasis • Heredity • Responsiveness • Growth and development

  3. Branches of Biological Science • Types of Biological Science Clip • Botany • Zoology • Ecology

  4. Themes of Biology As you study biology you will repeatedly encounter the following seven themes. • Cellular Structure and Function • Reproduction • Metabolism • Homeostasis • Heredity • Evolution • Interdependence

  5. Cellular Structure and function • All organisms are made of cells • Cells are the smallest unit of life • Organisms can have one cell or more than one cell

  6. Reproduction • All living things can reproduce • Maintains the populations size • Needed for survival of the species

  7. Metabolism • Metabolism - Sum of all chemical reactions • Includes ways to obtain and use energy • Digestion

  8. Homeostasis • Homeostasis – maintaining stable internal conditions regardless of external environment • Internal environment vs. external environment • Desert and tundra life

  9. Heredity • Passing on traits / genes to the next generation • Parent  offspring • Gene – basic unit of heredity

  10. Evolution • Small changes to a population over large periods of time

  11. Interdependence • Interactions between different species • Beneficial or harmful

  12. Section 3: Scientific Processes Observation is the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses. • Scientific investigations begin with observations. • Observations cause scientists to ask questions about their observations.

  13. Stages of Scientific Investigation Scientific investigations tend to have common stages. • These stages are called the Scientific Method. • There is more than one way to conduct an investigation. • Scientific Methods or Scientific Processes are more accurate terms for the stages of scientific investigation.

  14. Scientific Method • Includes the following steps: • Collecting Observations • Asking Questions • Forming a Hypotheses and making Predictions • Hypotheses – educated guess • Prediction – expected outcome of a test • Confirming Predictions • Experiment – planned procedure to test hypothesis • Drawing Conclusions

  15. Pieces of an Experiment • Control Group – group that does not change • Experimental Group – group that changes in 1 way • Independent Variable – factor that is changed • Dependent Variable – factor that is measured Independent Variable Dependent Variable

  16. Scientific Explanations • Theory – Set of related hypothesis that have been tested many times by many scientists

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