1. Regents Review The Articles of Confederation HW: 74-77 #1-25 Complete Castle learning Practice Regents #1 tomorrow

2. 5 Weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation • Weak central government (strong state government) • Federal government could not collect taxes. • No Federal military • States were coining their own money • States were making their own foreign treaties.

3. Shay’s Rebellion • Uprising led by Massachusetts farmers against paying taxes. • Attack a federal arsenal and the Federal government had no military to protect itself. • Send in state militia • **Proved weakness of Articles

4. Representation • Problem – large states want representation based on population. Small states want equal representation. • Solution – Bicameral legislature (2 houses). Created Congress. House of Representatives is based on population and Senate is equal representation (2 from each state).

5. Commerce (Trade) • Problem – North wants Federal government to regulate trade. South wants states to regulate trade because they are afraid the Federal government will end the slave trade. • Solution – Federal government gets right to regulate trade, but cannot end the slave trade until 1808. This just ends the importation of slaves, not slavery itself.

6. Slaves • Problem – North wants slaves to count for taxes, but not representation. South wants slaves to count for representation, but not taxes. • Solution – 3/5th Compromise. Each slave will count as 3/5th of a person. Example: 15 slaves X 3/5th = 9 slaves for taxes and reps.

7. Executive Branch • Problem – How many people should be in the executive branch? How should they be selected? • Solution – President and Vice President. Chosen by the electoral college. The electoral college is a safety net.

8. Federalist • Supported ratification of the Constitution. • Better than the Articles of Confederation. • Balanced power between state and Federal government (Federalism).

9. Anti-Federalists • Did not support ratification of the Constitution. • Not enough protection for individual rights. • Added the Bill of Rights – 1787 • Federalist Papers- persuasive essays.

10. Preamble • The preamble says – Americans expect their government to defend justice and liberty and provide peace and safety from foreign countries. • Purpose – The preamble describes the purpose of the government set up by the Constitution.