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Unraveling DNA: The Blueprint of Life

Dive into the fascinating world of DNA, the molecule that holds the secrets of life. Learn about its structure, replication, and role in coding for proteins. Discover how DNA, by its numbers, shapes our very existence.

jileen-caffrey
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Unraveling DNA: The Blueprint of Life

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  1. DNA "The Blueprint of Life“ http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/genome/program_adv.html

  2. DNA stands for...D_________N____A____

  3. The earth is 150 billion m or 93 million miles from the sun. DNA by the Numbers • Each cell has about 2 m of DNA. • The average human has 100 trillion cells. • The average human has enough DNA to go from the earth to the sun more than 400 times. • DNA has a diameter of only 0.000000002 m.

  4. DNA FACTS • established by James Watson and Francis Crick  • Shape of a double helix

  5. Billy Nye • Discovery of DNA video on DiscoveryED.

  6. codes for your ______  (traits) • made of repeating subunits called ________________

  7. What is a nucleotide? Has three parts:    PHOSPHATE DEOXYRIBOSE (sugar) BASE  (A,T,G,C)

  8. Base-Pair Rule Adenine <==> ________ Guanine <==> ________ The ________ of the DNA ladder are phosphate & sugar Each side isheld together by _________________

  9. Base Pair Rule One side:     A   T   A      T   C   A      T   G   C      G   G   G Other side:

  10. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qy8dk5iS1f0

  11. How the Code Works The combination of A,T,G,C determines what traits you might have, for ex. C A T C A T   =  purple hair T A C T A C  =  yellow hair

  12. Think of the bases of DNA like letters.Letters form words....Words form sentences....              *endless               combinations

  13. Let's Review What We Know About DNA 1.  DNA stands for:   De _____ ribo ______  acid 2.  What is the shape of DNA? _______________ 3.  Who established the structure of DNA?  ____________ 4.  Adenine always pairs with _______________ 5.  The sides of the DNA ladder are deoxyribose and _____ 6.  Guanine always pairs with _____________ 7.  What is the complimentary sequence:   A A T  G  C A 8.  The two sides of DNA are held together by _______ bonds. 9.  DNA is composed of repeating subunits called ______________________ 10.  What are the 4 bases that make up the rungs of the DNA ladder? _______________________________________

  14. DNA REPLICATION- the process by which DNA makes _____________________________________ _________________________ - half of the old strand is saved

  15. S phase DNA replication takes place in the S phase. G1 G2 interphase Mitosis -prophase -metaphase -anaphase -telophase • Replication takes place during ___________ phase of the cell cycle.

  16. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hfZ8o9D1tus

  17. How does DNA code for proteins? • _____ is the messenger

  18. DNA -->  RNA -->  Protein Proteins are the building blocks of the organism (traits)

  19. RNA Differs from DNA 1. RNA has a sugar _______ DNA has a sugar deoxyribose 2. RNA contains the base ______ (U) DNA has thymine (T) 3. RNA molecule is _______-stranded DNA is double-stranded

  20. RNA carries the "message" to the __________, where proteins are made

  21. Transcription -  process where RNA is made from DNATranslation - process where proteins are made from RNA

  22. Translation • Synthesis of ________ in the cytoplasm • Involves the following: 1. mRNA (codons) 2. tRNA (anticodons) 3. ribosomes 4. amino acids

  23. Genetic Code • DNA contains a ________ ________ • Every three bases on DNA stands for ONE amino acid • Each three-letter unit on mRNA is called a _______ • Most amino acids have more than one codon! • The code is nearly universal among living organisms

  24. Codons • UAG CAUGCAAAUCCUAGG • BECOMES: • UAG CAU GCA AAU CCU AGG

  25. amino acid attachment site methionine (amino acid) U A C anticodon _________ RNA (tRNA)

  26. aa2 aa1 2-tRNA 1-tRNA G A U U A C anticodon A U G C U A C U U C G A hydrogen bonds codon mRNA

  27. aa3 3-tRNA G A A Elongation peptide bond aa1 aa2 1-tRNA 2-tRNA anticodon U A C G A U A U G C U A C U U C G A hydrogen bonds codon mRNA

  28. aa3 3-tRNA G A A aa1 peptide bond aa2 1-tRNA U A C (leaves) 2-tRNA G A U A U G C U A C U U C G A mRNA Ribosomes move over one codon

  29. aa4 4-tRNA G C U peptide bonds aa1 aa2 aa3 2-tRNA 3-tRNA G A U G A A A U G C U A C U U C G A A C U mRNA

  30. aa4 4-tRNA G C U peptide bonds aa1 aa2 aa3 2-tRNA G A U (leaves) 3-tRNA G A A A U G C U A C U U C G A A C U mRNA Ribosomes move over one codon

  31. aa5 5-tRNA U G A peptide bonds aa1 aa2 aa4 aa3 3-tRNA 4-tRNA G A A G C U G C U A C U U C G A A C U mRNA

  32. aa5 5-tRNA U G A peptide bonds aa1 aa2 aa3 aa4 3-tRNA G A A 4-tRNA G C U G C U A C U U C G A A C U mRNA Ribosomes move over one codon

  33. aa5 aa4 Termination aa199 aa200 aa3 primary structure of a protein aa2 aa1 terminator or stop codon 200-tRNA A C U C A U G U U U A G mRNA

  34. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zr_O8aJKHnI&feature=related

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