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Chapter 1

Chapter 1. Pre-Columbian To Age of Exploration. p10. Map 1-2 p9. Iroquois Confederacy Political and linguistic differences hindered Native Americans as they attempted to respond to the threat posed by the European colonist Political and military alliance

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Chapter 1

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  1. Chapter 1 Pre-Columbian To Age of Exploration

  2. p10

  3. Map 1-2 p9

  4. Iroquois Confederacy • Political and linguistic differences hindered Native Americans as they attempted to respond to the threat posed by the European colonist • Political and military alliance • North American Natives, including Iroquois, developed matrilineal cultures. • Power and possessions passed down the female side. Figure 1-1a p5

  5. II. Europeans enter Africa • Portuguese set trading post along African shores • Gold and slaves (huge appetite for slaves) • Slavers charged high prices for captives from distant sources • Slave brokers separated persons from the same tribe • Systematic traffic to work sugar plantations

  6. p13

  7. Map 1-3 p11

  8. The Treaty of Tordesillas • Spain and Portugal fear interference • The Pope drew a “Line of Demarcation”, dividing the heathen world into two equal parts. East was Portugal (stronger navy), West for Spain (Favorable to Spain) • Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) further moved the line west. • Brazil became a Portuguese colony • As other nations emerged, they tended to ignore the treaty

  9. The Spanish Conquistadores • Independent Spanish adventures that led powerful armies to conquer the Americas • At first, concentrated on Caribbean islands • Disease devastated the local Indian pop. • Turned to American mainland (1510) • Vasco de Balboa crossed Panama, 1st European to Pacific Ocean • Juan Ponce de Leon claimed Florida for Spain • Hernando Cortes destroyed Aztec empire, won enormous wealth • Hernando de Soto led expedition through southeastern US • Francisco de Coronado • First Europeans to see the Grand Canyon • Increased Knowledge of the land • Asserted territorial claims to the continent

  10. Map 1-5 p17

  11. p18

  12. New Spain • Autocratic, rigidly controlled empire • Everything to benefit the parent country • Tight control, bureaucracy run directly form Madrid • Annual fleets carried riches of the New World to Spain • Developed econmiendas • Large manors or estates with Indian slaves ruthlessly managed for the benefit of the conquistadores. • Replaced by hacienda system • African slaves took place of Indians • Society highly stratified • Natives of Spain (peninsulares) • Spanish born in New World (creoles) • Mixed or Indian blood occupied lower level

  13. Map 1-6 p21

  14. English and French Beginnings

  15. Clash of Religions • Protestant v. Catholic • Violence both in American and Europe • Huguenots, French Protestants, escaped persecution in Catholic France were massacred by Spaniards in New World. • Spaniard attempt to fortify • Settlement of St. Augustine, Florida • First city in North America • Ft. Matanzas

  16. Pope’s Rebellion • Pueblo Indian uprising (1680) • Result of Spanish efforts to suppress the Indians’ religious practices. • Destroyed every Catholic church in province • Rebuilt kiva (Santa Fe) http://youtu.be/6E9WU9TGrec Crash Course (11min)

  17. p23

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