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European Conquest and Colonial Expansion in the Americas

Explore the era from Pre-Columbian to the Age of Exploration, including political alliances, matrilineal cultures, Portuguese trading posts in Africa, the Treaty of Tordesillas, Spanish Conquistadores, New Spain's empire, and clashes between English, French, and Spanish settlers. Learn about the dynamics of power, trade, and conflict in the New World.

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European Conquest and Colonial Expansion in the Americas

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  1. Chapter 1 Pre-Columbian To Age of Exploration

  2. p10

  3. Map 1-2 p9

  4. Iroquois Confederacy • Political and linguistic differences hindered Native Americans as they attempted to respond to the threat posed by the European colonist • Political and military alliance • North American Natives, including Iroquois, developed matrilineal cultures. • Power and possessions passed down the female side. Figure 1-1a p5

  5. II. Europeans enter Africa • Portuguese set trading post along African shores • Gold and slaves (huge appetite for slaves) • Slavers charged high prices for captives from distant sources • Slave brokers separated persons from the same tribe • Systematic traffic to work sugar plantations

  6. p13

  7. Map 1-3 p11

  8. The Treaty of Tordesillas • Spain and Portugal fear interference • The Pope drew a “Line of Demarcation”, dividing the heathen world into two equal parts. East was Portugal (stronger navy), West for Spain (Favorable to Spain) • Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) further moved the line west. • Brazil became a Portuguese colony • As other nations emerged, they tended to ignore the treaty

  9. The Spanish Conquistadores • Independent Spanish adventures that led powerful armies to conquer the Americas • At first, concentrated on Caribbean islands • Disease devastated the local Indian pop. • Turned to American mainland (1510) • Vasco de Balboa crossed Panama, 1st European to Pacific Ocean • Juan Ponce de Leon claimed Florida for Spain • Hernando Cortes destroyed Aztec empire, won enormous wealth • Hernando de Soto led expedition through southeastern US • Francisco de Coronado • First Europeans to see the Grand Canyon • Increased Knowledge of the land • Asserted territorial claims to the continent

  10. Map 1-5 p17

  11. p18

  12. New Spain • Autocratic, rigidly controlled empire • Everything to benefit the parent country • Tight control, bureaucracy run directly form Madrid • Annual fleets carried riches of the New World to Spain • Developed econmiendas • Large manors or estates with Indian slaves ruthlessly managed for the benefit of the conquistadores. • Replaced by hacienda system • African slaves took place of Indians • Society highly stratified • Natives of Spain (peninsulares) • Spanish born in New World (creoles) • Mixed or Indian blood occupied lower level

  13. Map 1-6 p21

  14. English and French Beginnings

  15. Clash of Religions • Protestant v. Catholic • Violence both in American and Europe • Huguenots, French Protestants, escaped persecution in Catholic France were massacred by Spaniards in New World. • Spaniard attempt to fortify • Settlement of St. Augustine, Florida • First city in North America • Ft. Matanzas

  16. Pope’s Rebellion • Pueblo Indian uprising (1680) • Result of Spanish efforts to suppress the Indians’ religious practices. • Destroyed every Catholic church in province • Rebuilt kiva (Santa Fe) http://youtu.be/6E9WU9TGrec Crash Course (11min)

  17. p23

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