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Warm-up. Suppose you were given the chance to be very young again and to start your teenage years over. Would you relive your life differently, or do you think you would make the same mistakes? Jot down your thoughts on what people would do if they were given a second chance. Warm-up.
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Warm-up • Suppose you were given the chance to be very young again and to start your teenage years over. Would you relive your life differently, or do you think you would make the same mistakes? Jot down your thoughts on what people would do if they were given a second chance.
Warm-up • Describe the American Romantic Hero. • Describe the American Novel and how it differed from those in Europe. • When and where do you feel you can gather your thoughts best? Explain why.
Transcendentalism & Romanticism Nathaniel Hawthorne
American Romanticism • Rationalists • the city = opportunity for success and self-realization • Romantics • The city = corruption, immorality, and death • The countryside = purity • Find independence, moral clarity, healthful living • Psychological journey = self discovery
Characteristics of Romanticism Originated late 18th century An artistic and literary movement. Intuition over Intellect Imagination Emphasis on Nature Individual, inner life
Transcendentalists • In order to determine the ultimate reality of God, the universe, and the self, one must go beyond everyday human experience in the physical world. • Beyond idealists. • Every living thing reflects Divine Soul. • Physical facts = doorway to spiritual realities. • “Every natural fact is a symbols of some spiritual fact.” • Intuition and spontaneous feelings superior to deliberate intellect. • Self-reliance, individualism outweighs conformity.
Dark Romantics • Intuition over logic. • Signs and symbols in everything. • Believed spiritual facts revealed in nature aren’t always good. Topics • Good vs. evil • Guilt and sin • Madness • Saw horror of evil
The Gothic • Setting in a castle • An atmosphere of mystery and suspense • Omens, visions • Supernatural or otherwise inexplicable events • High, overwrought emotion • Women in distress • Gloom and horror • Footsteps approaching • Lights in abandoned rooms • Characters trapped in a room • Ruins of buildings • Thunder & lightening, rain • Sights, moans, howls, screams • Creaking doors and floors • Gusts of wind blowing out lights • Howling wolves/dogs • Crazed laughter
Nathaniel Hawthorne • 1804-1864 • Recognized writer by midlife. • Guilty Puritan conscience. • Ancestor was judge (Judge Hathorne) in Salem witch trials. • Nathaniel was born in Salem. • His dark insights cast gloom into his own. • Shut himself away for twelve years. • Topics: sin, redemption, guilt, aging and death
Allegory • Two levels of meaning: literal and allegorical. Allegorical • A literary work in which characters, settings, and events stand for abstract ideas or mral qualities. • Characters are one-dimensional. • What they represent is clear. • Represent one particular aspect of human nature. • Stand for broader concepts (ex: Hope, Wordly, Wiseman, Little Faith) • Moral is taught. • Usually clear to figure out. • Writer WANTS you to know it!
Warm-up • Respond to the following questions and explain your opinion. We will not go over this, so make sure you get this done in the first 10 minutes. Add your answers to the bottom of your study questions. Do not write on your warm-up packet today. • Do you think it is true that everyone has things they don’t tell anyone else? Should it be that way? • Is it possible to every REALLY know someone? Do you think that all people are guilty, and are there varying levels of guilt? Why or why not? • Do you think that people should be more open to admitting their wrongs? What are some of the effects when people don’t? • How do people try to avoid facing their faults? • What would a society look like where people don’t blame others?
Topics and themes SIN/FAULTS Theme: Evidence: FACING FAULTS Theme: Evidence:
Minister’s black veil • Story set in time of Puritan ancestors. • Era characterized by gloom and piety. • Based on true story. • Clergyman died 80 years prior. • Guilty of accidental murder. • From that day until death, he kept his face covered. • PARABLE – short, usually simple story based on events from ordinary life, from which a moral lesson is drawn • Subtitle of story. • Stresses importance of story’s moral theme.
