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Warm Up

Warm Up. Stretch: What did the Indian National Congress create (think back to imperialism) What do revolutions and wars have in common with nationalism? Describe where the Middle East is located and what modern day countries are part of the Middle East. Remember.

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Warm Up

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  1. Warm Up • Stretch: What did the Indian National Congress create (think back to imperialism) • What do revolutions and wars have in common with nationalism? • Describe where the Middle East is located and what modern day countries are part of the Middle East

  2. Remember • Indian National Congress (1855) created the Muslim League • Revolutions, wars, ethnic tensions have all occurred because of a love for one’s country • French revolution • American Revolution • Middle East: Iran (Persia), Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Israel, Kuwait, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Pakistan, Afghanistan

  3. Turkey • Young Turks wanted to strengthen Ottoman Empire and the threat of western imperialism • Overthrew Sultan and took control (14 years) • Armenian Massacre • Turks v. Christian Armenians

  4. Turkey Modernizes • Turkish Nationalists led by Mustafa Kemal • Overthrew Sultan, defeated Greece, and declared turkey a republic • Took name Ataturk – father of Turks • Treaty called for Greeks to leave Turkey • Encouraged industrial expansion • Set up roads, hired westerners for economic advice

  5. Ataturk’s Reforms • Replaced Islamic law with European model • Replace Muslim calendar with Western (Christian) one • Moved day of rest from Friday to Sunday • Closed religious schools and opened public schools • Forced people to wear western clothes • Replaced Arabic alphabet with Latin one • Gave women the right to vote and work outside the home

  6. Ataturk inspires Persia • Reza Khan modernized Persia • Built factories, roads, railroads, strengthened army • Did many of the same things as Ataturk • Oil would become a major factor in Persian’s economy and foreign policy

  7. Arab Nationalism In M.E. • Oil a major factor in area • Pan Arab • Nationalistic movement • Shared heritage of Arabs • Syria, Jordan, Iraq, Egypt, Algeria, Morocco • Sought to free Arabs from foreign domination • Arabs felt betrayed by the West • Arabs and Jews clashed

  8. Promises in Palestine • Jews dreamed of returning to Israel • Build Jewish state in Palestine • Britain supported by issuing the Belfour Declaration • Communities in Palestine were Arab • Clash

  9. Palestine • Since then, Israelites and Palestinians have fought over land • PLO (Palestinian Liberation Organization) led by Yasir Arafat has led them against Israel • Terrorism

  10. Zionism • Nationalistic movement of Jewish people and their desire to establish their own nation in the holy land • Israel • Since, nationalism has played a turbulent role in the Middle East • Areas of contention include the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, the Sinai Peninsula, and the Golan Heights

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