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Plant Kingdom!!

Plant Kingdom!!. Characteristics. Eukaryotic Autotrophic Multicellular Sexual reproduction Cellulose in cell walls. Need to survive…. Sunlight – role in photosynthesis Gas exchange – Oxygen/carbon dioxide Water and minerals – symbiotic relationship???. History.

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Plant Kingdom!!

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  1. Plant Kingdom!!

  2. Characteristics • Eukaryotic • Autotrophic • Multicellular • Sexual reproduction • Cellulose in cell walls

  3. Need to survive… • Sunlight – role in photosynthesis • Gas exchange – Oxygen/carbon dioxide • Water and minerals – symbiotic relationship???

  4. History • Thought to evolve from Green algae, presently classified as a Protist • May be moved to plant kingdom due to cellulose in cells walls and pigment, similar life cycles and their genome • 475mya – move to land • Small, non vascular, needed water to reproduce

  5. Life cycle • Alternation of generations – has 2 alternating phases • Diploid (2n) – Sporophyte – spore producing plant • Haploid (n) – gametophyte – gamete producing plant

  6. 4 types of plants • Non-vascular • Vascular seedless • Gymnosperms (naked seed) • Angiosperms (flowering plants)

  7. Non –vascular - Bryophytes • No true roots, stems or leaves • Water (green algae) and land (mosses) • Bryophytes have a protected embryo • lack vascular system – why they are small • Gametophyte is dominant generation • Archegonia – eggs • Antheridia - sperm

  8. Vascular seedless • 2 types of vascular tissue • Xylem – transports water and minerals • Phloem – transports food • Sporophyte dominant • Examples - ferns

  9. Gymnosperms – seed plants • Seed – plant embryo and a food supply • Pollen grain – where male gametophyte is contained • Carried by wind, animals • Seed coat – surrounds and protects the embryo, keeps from drying out.

  10. Angiosperms – flowering plants • Advantage – helps to attract animals and insects to increase reproduction. • Fruits – structure containing 1 or more matured ovaries • Eating of fruits by animals help to disperse seeds for growth

  11. Classification of angiosperms • Monocots • Single cotyledon • Parallel veins • Flower parts in multiples of 3 • Dicots • Two cotyledon • Branched veins • Flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5

  12. Plants and Humans • Benefits: • Agriculture, food • Clothing, fibers • Wood, construction • Keep the environment clean and green!! • Harmful: toxins, poisons, allergies

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