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Warm Up

Warm Up. How is a conditioned stimulus different than an unconditioned stimulus? True or False: An originally neutral stimulus must be paired with an unconditioned stimulus in order to elicit the intended response. Test Next Wednesday (10/23).

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Warm Up

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  1. Warm Up • How is a conditioned stimulus different than an unconditioned stimulus? • True or False: An originally neutral stimulus must be paired with an unconditioned stimulus in order to elicit the intended response

  2. Test Next Wednesday (10/23) • It will cover ONLY classical and operant conditioning, and social learning • We will review in class Tuesday • ALSO- Tutoring after school Tuesday 2:15-2:45

  3. Operant Conditioning • B.F. Skinner • learning from consequences of behavior • Reinforcement or Punishment

  4. Skinner’s Experiment • Pavlov is to the dog experiment, as Skinner is to the rat experiment • Rats had to press a bar in order to receive the food (reinforcement)

  5. Reinforcement • Stimulus or event that increases the likelihood that a response will be repeated • Can be POSITIVE or NEGATIVE • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-63ysqT5nu0

  6. Reinforcement

  7. Negative Reinforcement • Takes away an unpleasant stimulus • Escape Conditioning-remove or terminate unpleasant stimulus • Avoidance Conditioning- prevent the occurrence of an unpleasant stimulus; often has a warning signal • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nHhcidCoGAE

  8. Primary vs. Secondary Reinforcer • Primary-satisfies a biological need (hunger/thirst/sleep) • Secondary-paired with a primary reinforcer through classical conditioning and has acquired value(Almost any stimulus)

  9. Schedules of Reinforcement • Behavior Reinforced EVERY time- Continuous Schedule • Behaviors Reinforced with intervals- Partial Schedule

  10. Quick Write • Which do you think is more effective?

  11. Partial Schedule • 253-254 • Pull out the 4 types of partial reinforcement and describe each (in your notes!)

  12. Shaping • Desired behavior is “modeled” by first rewarding any act similar to desired behavior and then requiring closer acts before giving a reward

  13. Shaping • For example, to teach a child to write his or her first name, you initially give praise for writing the first letter correctly. After the child has mastered that first step, letter-by-letter you give praise until the entire name is correctly written. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iox5BVm5-qk

  14. Response Chains • Learned reactions that follow one another in sequence • Simple skills make harder tasks possible • Ride a training bike, have parent guide you, ride a real bike

  15. Punishment • Opposite of negative reinforcement • Behavior is decreased

  16. Negative Punishment • When a child "talks back" to his/her mother, the child may lose the privilege of watching her favorite television program. Therefore, the loss of viewing privileges will act as a negative punisher and decrease the likelihood of the child talking back in the future.

  17. Positive Punishment • If you stroke a cat's fur in a manner that the cat finds unpleasant, the cat may attempt to bite you. Therefore, the presentation of the cat's bite will act as a positive punisher and decrease the likelihood that you will stroke the cat in that same manner in the future.

  18. Disadvantages of Punishment • 257-259 • What are the problems with punishment? Please identify and add to your notes • THEN WE ARE DONE WITH NOTES- YOU MADE IT!

  19. Operant Conditioning in your Life

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