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Warm Up

Warm Up. With the last incident in Connecticut in your opinion what should school districts do to ensure the safety of the students and staff? Remember you must be within reason. Classical Africa. Northeast Africa. Early Nubia: Egypt as a model, gold and slaves

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Warm Up

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  1. Warm Up • With the last incident in Connecticut in your opinion what should school districts do to ensure the safety of the students and staff? • Remember you must be within reason.

  2. Classical Africa

  3. Northeast Africa • Early Nubia: Egypt as a model, gold and slaves • Napata (Kush): 8th- 6th century fought with Egyptians • Meroë: Nubians adopted Hellenism, gold and ivory, irrigation technology, 5 independent female rulers, shifting trade patterns lead to decline

  4. Blue Nile, Northern Ethiopia

  5. Kushite Pyramids

  6. Christian Nubia (NEA) • Missionaries converted nobility (543-1504) • Divided into feudal kingdoms • Christian society with monasteries, cathedrals, and castles ruled by African bishops and knights

  7. Ethiopian Highlands (NEA) • South of Nubia: outside Nile valley • 2nd oldest African civilization • Arab colonists intermarried and absorbed by locals: State of Axum • Axum kings: Merchant princes of Red Sea trade • Major regional power until coming of Islam

  8. Ethiopian Highlands

  9. West Africa • Horse: military system rested on armored, mounted knights • Camel: major event in African history, TRANS-SAHARAN TRADE with North Africa • Divine Kingship: used to establish ideology for the centralized politics and economy • Gold: success rested on camels, new fields, and strong kingdoms

  10. Ghana (WA) • Oldest historical West African kingdom • Greatest period 10-13th centuries • Gold: biggest, wealthiest, most powerful state in west Africa • Traditional religions: Divine Kingship

  11. Ghana and Islam • Muslim merchants in 9th century • Ghana kings learned to capitalize on writing and administration skills • Merged into a single society • Sacked by Muslim Berbers from the Sahara • Lost preeminence in Africa

  12. Mali (WA) • United WA after fall of Ghana • Sundiata: Alexander of Africa • Mansa Musa: MVP of Mali society • Ruled at height of power • Pilgrimage • Wide spread inflation

  13. Mansa Musa

  14. Songhai (WA) • Final and greatest kingdom 1464-1592 • Overthrew Mali • Great centers of Islamic learning and culture • Timbuktu • Overthrown by Moroccans in 1591 • Benin and Ifo (Art and Statues)

  15. Southern and Central Sub-Saharan Africa • Numerous ethnic groups collectively known as Bantu, a linguistic term • Not native, migrated from western Africa (Niger river) as early as 400 BCE • Iron tools: increased population, powerful military states • Social organization: male solidarity, expands power and land

  16. Eastern Zimbabwe cave paintings, carbon dated at nearly 1000 years ago

  17. Mwenemutapa (Great Zimbabwe) • Flourished in 13-17th centuries • Power: Bantu military traditions, gold, good agricultural production, and control of trade routes • Most famous part is walled complex at Great Zimbabwe: supreme example of indigenous African architecture. Included stone places, walls, towers, and shrines

  18. Great Zimbabwe Ruins

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