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Chapter 1

Chapter 1. Introduction: Matter and Measurement. Properties of Matter. Chemical property : a property that describes the way a substance may react to form other substances. Physical property : a property that can be observed without changing the identity and composition of the substance.

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Chapter 1

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  1. Chapter 1 Introduction: Matter and Measurement

  2. Properties of Matter Chemical property: a property that describes the way a substance may react to form other substances Physical property: a property that can be observed without changing the identity and composition of the substance

  3. Properties of Matter Extensive property: a property that depends on the amount of the substance Intensive property: a property that depends on the identity of the substance

  4. Changes in Matter Chemical change: a substance is transformed in a chemically different substance Physical change: a substance changes its physical appearance but not its composition

  5. Units of Measurement

  6. SI Units

  7. Metric System

  8. Temperature 0 °C = 273 K The Celsius and Kelvin scales are those commonly used in science.

  9. Derived Units m V d = Volume and density are considered derived units because they are made up of SI units.

  10. Uncertainty in Measurements

  11. Significant Figures 74198 has 5 sig figs 3705 has 4 sig figs 0.0064 has 2 sig figs 1) All nonzero digits are significant 2) All zeros in between nonzero digits are significant 3) Zero at the beginning of a number are never significant

  12. Significant Figures 4) Zeros at the end of a number are only significant if there is a decimal in the number 5) Counted numbers and conversion factors have an unlimited number of sig figs

  13. Significant Figures When you add or subtract using sig figs, the answer has the same number of decimal places as the number with the least decimal places. When you multiply or divide using sig figs, the answer has the same number of sig figs as the number with the least sig figs.

  14. Accuracy and Precision Accuracy: how close a measurement is to its correct value Precision: how closely individual measurements agree with one another

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