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Chapter 1

Chapter 1. Section 2. Chapter 1: Matter & Change. Section 2: Matter and Its Properties. Look around you – you can see books, desks, chairs and windows. All those things are made of ________.

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Chapter 1

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  1. Chapter 1 Section 2

  2. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Look around you – you can see books, desks, chairs and windows. All those things are made of ________. Matter takes different forms. Consider the book – you might notice that it takes up ________ - in other words it as ___________. Volumeis the amount of three-dimensional space an object occupies. All matter has volume – all matter has mass – a measure of the __________ of matter. Matter – anything that has ________ and takes up _______ (has volume).

  3. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Look around you – you can see books, desks, chairs and windows. All those things are made of Matter. Matter takes different forms. Consider the book – you might notice that it takes up ________ - in other words it as ___________. Volumeis the amount of three-dimensional space an object occupies. All matter has volume – all matter has mass – a measure of the __________ of matter. Matter – anything that has ________ and takes up _______ (has volume).

  4. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Look around you – you can see books, desks, chairs and windows. All those things are made of Matter. Matter takes different forms. Consider the book – you might notice that it takes up space- in other words it as volume. Volumeis the amount of three-dimensional space an object occupies. All matter has volume – all matter has mass – a measure of the __________ of matter. Matter – anything that has ________ and takes up _______ (has volume).

  5. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Look around you – you can see books, desks, chairs and windows. All those things are made of Matter. Matter takes different forms. Consider the book – you might notice that it takes up space- in other words it as volume. We measure volume in liters. Volumeis the amount of three-dimensional space an object occupies. All matter has volume – all matter has mass – a measure of the amountof matter. Matter – anything that has ________ and takes up _______ (has volume).

  6. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Look around you – you can see books, desks, chairs and windows. All those things are made of Matter. Matter takes different forms. Consider the book – you might notice that it takes up space- in other words it as volume. Volumeis the amount of three-dimensional space an object occupies. All matter has volume – all matter has mass – a measure of the amountof matter. Matter – anything that has 1. massand 2. takes up space(has volume).

  7. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Matter – anything that takes up space Mass – amount of matter

  8. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties • I. Basic Building Blocks of Matter • The fundamental building blocks of matter are _________ and ______________. These particles make up elements and compounds. • Atom – the ______________ unit of an element that maintains the chemical ________ of that element. • Element – a ________ substance that cannot be broken down into _________, stable substances and is made of ________ type of atom. (Example: Carbon – element and contains ONE kind of atom)

  9. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties • I. Basic Building Blocks of Matter • The fundamental building blocks of matter are atomsand molecules. These particles make up elements and compounds. • Atom – the ______________ unit of an element that maintains the chemical ________ of that element. • Element – a ________ substance that cannot be broken down into _________, stable substances and is made of ________ type of atom. (Example: Carbon – element and contains ONE kind of atom)

  10. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties • I. Basic Building Blocks of Matter • The fundamental building blocks of matter are atomsand molecules. These particles make up elements and compounds. • Atom – the smallestunit of an element that maintains the chemical identityof that element. • Element – a ________ substance that cannot be broken down into _________, stable substances and is made of ________ type of atom. (Example: Carbon – element and contains ONE kind of atom)

  11. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties • I. Basic Building Blocks of Matter • The fundamental building blocks of matter are atomsand molecules. These particles make up elements and compounds. • Atom – the smallestunit of an element that maintains the chemical identityof that element. • Element – a puresubstance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of onetype of atom. (Example: Carbon – element and contains ONE kind of atom)

  12. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Basic Building Blocks of Matter(Continued) • ____________ – a substance that can be broken down into simpler stable substances. Each compound is made from the atoms of ________ ___ _____ elements that are ____________ bonded. • ________ is an example of a compound – the atoms of _________ and __________ are chemically bonded to form a water molecule.

  13. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Basic Building Blocks of Matter(Continued) • Compound– a substance that can be broken down into simpler stable substances. Each compound is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemicallybonded. • ________ is an example of a compound – the atoms of _________ and __________ are chemically bonded to form a water molecule.

  14. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Basic Building Blocks of Matter(Continued) • Compound– a substance that can be broken down into simpler stable substances. Each compound is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemicallybonded. • Water is an example of a compound – the atoms of hydrogenand oxygen are chemically bonded to form a water molecule.

  15. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties II. Properties and Changes in Matter Every substance, element or compound, has _______________ properties that chemists use to distinguish and separate them. Properties may be a characteristic that defines an __________ _______ of substances. Ex: Metals – distinguishing property – conduct electricity

  16. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties II. Properties and Changes in Matter Every substance, element or compound, has characteristics properties that chemists use to distinguish and separate them. Properties may be a characteristic that defines an entire set of substances. Ex: Metals – distinguishing property – conduct electricity

  17. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties • II. Properties and Changes in Matter • Properties are either intensive or extensive: • ________________ properties – depend on the __________ of matter that is present. • Example: volume & ________ • ________________ properties – do NOT depend on the __________ of matter present. • Example: __________/___________ point, density, & ability to conduct electricity

  18. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties • II. Properties and Changes in Matter • Properties are either intensive or extensive: • Extensiveproperties – depend on the amountof matter that is present. • Example: volume & mass • ________________ properties – do NOT depend on the __________ of matter present. • Example: __________/___________ point, density, & ability to conduct electricity

  19. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties • II. Properties and Changes in Matter • Properties are either intensive or extensive: • Extensiveproperties – depend on the amountof matter that is present. • Example: volume & mass • Intensiveproperties – do NOT depend on the amountof matter present. • Example: boiling/meltingpoint, density, & ability to conduct electricity

  20. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties • Properties can be group into two general types: ______________ and ___________ properties. • Physical Properties and Physical Changes • ____________ property – a characteristic that can be ________________ or ________________ without changing the identity of the substance. Physical properties describe a substance itself, rather than describing how it can change into other substance. • Examples: Water - Melting pt = ________ • & Boiling pt = ________

  21. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties • Properties can be group into two general types: Physical and Chemical properties. • Physical Properties and Physical Changes • ____________ property – a characteristic that can be ________________ or ________________ without changing the identity of the substance. Physical properties describe a substance itself, rather than describing how it can change into other substance. • Examples: Water - Melting pt = ________ • & Boiling pt = ________

  22. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties • Properties can be group into two general types: Physical and Chemical properties. • Physical Properties and Physical Changes • Physicalproperty – a characteristic that can be observedor measuredwithout changing the identity of the substance. Physical properties describe a substance itself, rather than describing how it can change into other substance. • Examples: Water - Melting pt = 273K or 0°C • & Boiling pt = 373K or 100°C

  23. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Physical Properties and Physical Changes • ___________ change - a change in a _____________ that does NOT involve a change in the identity of the substance • Examples: Grinding, cutting, melting or boiling a material • __________ of State – a physical change of a substance from one state to another. • Melting and boiling are an important part of these changes.

  24. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Physical Properties and Physical Changes • Physicalchange - a change in a substancethat does NOT involve a change in the identity of the substance • Examples: Grinding, cutting, melting or boiling a material • __________ of State – a physical change of a substance from one state to another. • Melting and boiling are an important part of these changes.

  25. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Physical Properties and Physical Changes • Physicalchange - a change in a substancethat does NOT involve a change in the identity of the substance • Examples: Grinding, cutting, melting or boiling a material • Changeof State – a physical change of a substance from one state to another. • Melting and boiling are an important part of these changes.

  26. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties States of Matter • Solid: matter in this state has ____________ volume and definite ___________. • Solids have this characteristic because the particles are packed together in relatively ______ positions. • Examples: Piece of quartz or coral

  27. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties States of Matter • Solid: matter in this state has definitevolume and definite shape. • Solids have this characteristic because the particles are packed together in relatively fixed positions. • Examples: Piece of quartz or coral

  28. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties States of Matter • 2. _________: matter in this state has a definite _________ but an indefinite ________; the matter assumes the shape of the container - this occurs because liquids’ particles are close together but can _______ past one another. • Particles in liquids move _______ ___________ than those in a solid, causing them to temporarily overcome the strong ___________ ________ between them. • Example: a given quantity of liquid water takes up a definite amount of volume, but the water takes the shape of the container.

  29. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties States of Matter • 2. Liquid: matter in this state has a definite volumebut an indefinite shape; the matter assumes the shape of the container - this occurs because liquids’ particles are close together but can movepast one another. • Particles in liquids move more rapidly than those in a solid, causing them to temporarily overcome the strong attractive forces between them. • Example: a given quantity of liquid water takes up a definite amount of shape, but the water takes the shape of the container.

  30. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties States of Matter • 3. Gas: matter in this state has _________ definite _________ nor definite __________. • Gases are composed of particles that move _______ __________ and are at a ______ distance from one another compared with the particles of liquids/solids. • Example: a given quantity of helium expands to fill any size container and takes the shape of any container.

  31. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties States of Matter • 3. Gas: matter in this state has neitherdefinite volumenor definite shape. • Gases are composed of particles that move very rapidly and are at a greatdistance from one another compared with the particles of liquids/solids. • Example: a given quantity of helium expands to fill any size container and takes the shape of any container.

  32. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties States of Matter • 4. Plasma: _______-____________ physical state of matter in which atoms ______ most of their electrons, particles that make up atoms. • Example: plasma is found • in fluorescent bulbs

  33. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties States of Matter • 4. Plasma: high – temperature physical state of matter in which atoms losemost of their electrons, particles that make up atoms. • Example: plasma is found • in fluorescent bulbs

  34. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties • States Changes • - Melting: the change from ________ to ________ • - Boiling: the change of state from __________ to _______ • - Freezing: opposite of melting; the change from ________ to __________ • Example: when ice melts to liquid water or when liquid boils to form water vapor, the same substance, water, is still present. It just changes states, it does NOT change into a ____________ ____________

  35. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties • States Changes • - Melting: the change from solid to liquid • - Boiling: the change of state from liquid to gas • - Freezing: opposite of melting; the change from liquid to solid. • Example: when ice melts to liquid water or when liquid boils to form water vapor, the same substance, water, is still present. It just changes states, it does NOT change into a different chemical.

  36. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes • Chemical ____________ - relates to a substance’s ability to undergo __________ that transform it into ______________ substances. • Easiest to see when substances react to form a new substance. • Examples: ability of charcoal burns, it combines with oxygen in air to become __________ __________ gas; ability of iron to rust by combining with _________ in air & ability of _______ to tarnish by combining with sulfur

  37. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes • Chemical property- relates to a substance’s ability to undergo changesthat transform it into differentsubstances. • Easiest to see when substances react to form a new substance. • Examples: ability of charcoal burns, it combines with oxygen in air to become carbon dioxide gas; ability of iron to rust by combining with oxygenin air & ability of silverto tarnish by combining with sulfur

  38. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes • _____________ change or chemical ____________ - a change in which one or more _____________ are converted into different substances. • Reactant – the substances that _______ in a chemical change • Products – substances that are ________ in a chemical change • Chemical changes do NOT affect the _______ ______ of matter present before and after a reaction.

  39. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes • Chemicalchange or chemical reaction- a change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances. • Reactant – the substances that reactsin a chemical change • Products – substances that are producedin a chemical change • Chemical changes do NOT affect the total amount of matter present before and after a reaction.

  40. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes • Example: Carbon plus oxygen yields (forms) carbon dioxide • (carbon + oxygen  carbon dioxide) + Sodium Chloride + Sodium Chlorine Reactants Products

  41. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Energy Changes in Matter • When physical or chemical changes occur, ________ is ALWAYS involved. • Sometimes enough energy is involved to cause a _________ change (melting of ice)and sometimes enough energy is involved to cause a ________ change (decomposition of water vapor to form oxygen gas & hydrogen gas) • - Examples of energy: Heat & Light • ** Although energy can be absorbed or released in a change, it is NOT _________ or __________. This is known as the Law of ________________ of _________.

  42. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Energy Changes in Matter • When physical or chemical changes occur, energyis ALWAYS involved. • Sometimes enough energy is involved to cause a physicalchange (melting of ice)and sometimes enough energy is involved to cause a chemical change (decomposition of water vapor to form oxygen gas & hydrogen gas) • - Examples of energy: Heat & Light • ** Although energy can be absorbed or released in a change, it is NOT created or destroyed. This is known as the Law of Conservation of Energy.

  43. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties • III. Classification of Matter • Matter can be classified as either a pure substanceor a mixture. • Pure Substance – composition is the ________ throughout and does _______ vary from sample to sample. • Mixture– contain more than one _____________ and can vary from sample to sample, as well as from one part of the sample to another.

  44. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties • III. Classification of Matter • Matter can be classified as either a pure substanceor a mixture. • Pure Substance – composition is the same throughout and does NOTvary from sample to sample. • Mixture– contain more than one _____________ and can vary from sample to sample, as well as from one part of the sample to another.

  45. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties • III. Classification of Matter • Matter can be classified as either a pure substanceor a mixture. • Pure Substance – composition is the same throughout and does NOTvary from sample to sample. • Mixture– contain more than one substance and can vary from sample to sample, as well as from one part of the sample to another.

  46. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties • III. Classification of Matter • Mixture: • A blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its ______ ____________ and properties. • The parts a mixed together and can be ___________. • Mixtures compositions must be specified – usually by _____ ______ or by _________.

  47. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties • III. Classification of Matter • Mixture: • A blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties. • The parts a mixed together and can be separated. • Mixtures compositions must be specified – usually by % composition or by volume.

  48. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties • III. Classification of Matter • Mixture: • Homogenous mixture/solution - mixture that is ____________ in composition (Example: salt-water) • Heterogeneous mixture – mixture that is _____ uniform throughout (Example: mixture of water and clay, clay is heavier and sinks to the bottom.)

  49. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties • III. Classification of Matter • Mixture: • Homogenous mixture/solution - mixture that is uniformin composition (Example: salt-water) • Heterogeneous mixture – mixture that is NOT uniform throughout (Example: mixture of water and clay, clay is heavier and sinks to the bottom.)

  50. Chapter 1: Matter & Change Section 2: Matter and Its Properties Homogenous mixture/solution Heterogeneous mixture

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