1 / 32

Warm-up

Warm-up. Answer the following questions: What was 1 political problem that America faced at the turn of the century? Give 1 problem with business practices at this time What problems were there in factories? What other issues did cities face during the turn of the century?. Happy Tuesday!!!.

carr
Download Presentation

Warm-up

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Warm-up • Answer the following questions: • What was 1 political problem that America faced at the turn of the century? • Give 1 problem with business practices at this time • What problems were there in factories? • What other issues did cities face during the turn of the century?

  2. Happy Tuesday!!! • I need to do a couple things before we get started: • I need to check your study guides from the test last class • I need to collect your Industrialization stamp sheets • Did you know: There is more real lemon juice in Lemon Pledge furniture polish than in Country Time Lemonade

  3. Progressivism Muckrakers and Woman Suffrage

  4. Problems at the Turn of the Century • Politically: Political Machines • Business practices: trusts, monopolies • Working conditions: child labor, low pay, long hours • Other stuff: drugs, gangs, drinking, women still can’t vote

  5. Enter Progressivism • Progressivism: movement to improve American life in politics, society and the workplace. • Progressives were optimistic and forward looking and accepted the changes industrialization brought forth • Wanted to limit the power of big business, improve democracy and strengthen social justices

  6. Where did the movement come from? • New political groups- populists and socialists • Farmers- gained ideas from populists, hurt by the railroads • Labor-unions • Religion- to be a better person • YMCA, YWCA, Salvation Army to improve lives of the poor • Muckrakers- writers, mostly magazines, who wrote about the corrupt side of business and public life • People wont change society unless they know about the conditions and get angry about it • Many magazines started at this time: Cosmo, McClures

  7. Muckrakers • Ida M. Tarbell- wrote “The History of the Standard Oil Company” • Exposed the company’s cutthroat methods of eliminating competition • Upton Sinclair- wrote “The Jungle” about stockyard workers and meat packing industry • Jacob Riis, Lincoln Steffens

  8. Local Reforms • Cities faced some of the most obvious social problems • 1900, Galveston, TX adopted the “commission” idea as a form of government after a botched hurricane relief • Commission is a group of experts-each takes charge of a different city department • 1913, Dayton, OH- adopted the council-manager form of gov’t • People elect a city council to make laws

  9. State Reforms • Gov. Robert M. LaFollette- Rep. Wisconsin • Targeted RR industry- regulated rates, and forbade free passes • Progressives worked to regulate child labor • Keating-Owen Act 1916- prohibited the transportation across state likes of goods produced with child labor (eventually deemed unconstitutional) • Made efforts to limit working hours and workers compensation

  10. Election Reform • Adoption of the secret ballot (aka Australian ballot) • Initiatives and referendums- gave citizens the power to create laws • Citizens could petition to place an initiative (a bill originated by the people) on the ballot • Voters instead of legislatures accepted or rejected the initiative by referendum (vote on initiative)

  11. Election Reform cont. • The recall enabled voters to remove public officials from elected positions by forcing them to face another election before the end of their term • 17th Amendment- Direct election of Senators • Started with the primary election • Forced Senators to focus more on the people not businesses

  12. Women’s Role • At the turn of the century, 1 in 5 women held jobs (25% in manufacturing) • Faced dangerous conditions • 1911 fire in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory • Women’s clubs popped up and grew into reform groups that addressed issues like temperance and child labor • Women began going to college- separate from men

  13. Women in Reform • 1896, African-American women founded the NACW (National Assoc. of Colored Women) led by Josephine Ruffin • Susan B. Anthony led a campaign for woman suffrage (right to vote) • Founded the National Women Suffrage Assoc. (NWSA)

  14. Strategy for Suffrage • Tried 3 approaches to achieve objective • Tried to convince state legislatures to grant women the right to vote • Won in Wyoming, Utah, Colorado and Idaho • Women pursued court cases to test the 14th Amendment- women citizens too! • Supreme Court ruled in 1875 that women were citizens but that that didn’t mean they had the right to vote • Women pushed for a national constitutional amendment to grant women the right to vote • Amendment introduced in CA but it was killed later • For 41 years, women lobbied to have it reintroduced but it continued to be voted down

  15. Happy Wednesday!! • Take out your jungle worksheet so I can check it and we can talk about it! • Did you know: In Utah, birds have the right of way on all highways

  16. Progressivism Progressive Presidents

  17. Political Leaders • Teddy Roosevelt- Republican • William H. Taft- Republican • Woodrow Wilson- Democrat • PROGRESSIVES CAME FROM BOTH PARTIES!!! MOVEMENT WAS BIPARTISAN!

  18. Teddy Roosevelt • Roosevelt took office after President McKinley was assassinated • Was the youngest president ever (42 years old) • Saw the presidency as a “bully pit” from which he could influence the news media and shape legislation • Believed the American people deserve a “square deal” from government • Term was used to describe the progressive reforms sponsored by his administration

  19. Trust Busting • By 1900, trusts (legal bodies created to hold stock in many companies) controlled about 4/5 of the industries in the US • Sherman Antitrust Act wasn’t working • TR didn’t believe all trusts were harmful, he didn’t want to “bust the trusts” just regulate them • Believed in the 3 C’s: • Controlling corporations • Consumer protection • Conservation

  20. TR’s Square Deal • Included 6 items: • Increase Federal Power: to keep society running well and to get rid of corruption the gov’t needed to be more involved • Fed. Gov’t needed to get involved in state problems 2. Mediating Strikes: before TR, the gov’t sided with business not strikers • TR didn’t want to totally change to ALWAYS siding with labor but he believed that gov’t needs to step in when strikes effect the common people • EX: Coal strike in PA 1902- workers want an 8 hr work day, higher wages, workers/owners didn’t agree for months, winter came and people needed coal for heat. TR threatens to seize the mines if a decision isnt made, TR sends the gov’t in to mediate • TR establishes a precedent of saying gov’t can intervene in strikes if the public welfare is involved

  21. TR’s Square Deal cont. 3. Regulate Trusts: tries to regulate businesses if they were oppressive to the people • Sometimes the businesses were destroyed, others were guided towards better business practices • Sued the companies 4. Regulating Transportation (mainly RR) • Elkins Act 1902: cant change rates w/o notifying the public • Hepburn Act 1906: Interstate Commerce Commission now sets RR rates

  22. TR’s Square Deal cont. 5. Protecting Health: influenced by “The Jungle” • Pure Food and Drug Act 1906: must put ingredients on the label • Meat Inspection Act 1906 6. Conserving Natural Resources: set up state parks, wildlife sanctuaries, national forests; first to recognize the issue of pollution

  23. Progressivism Under Taft • TR hand picks William H. Taft (R) as his successor • Taft pursued a cautious progressive agenda • Sought to consolidate rather than expand TR’s reforms • Was able to bust 90 trusts in a 4 year term • Taft runs into a great deal of problems in his presidency

  24. Payne-Aldrich Tariff • Taft campaigned on a platform of lowering tariffs • He tries to get the Payne-Aldrich tariff passed, which, when it entered the House was lower. But the Senate, under pressure from big business, actually increased tariffs • Taft signed it thinking it was the initial bill and angered progressives

  25. Conservation • Does some good things- Appalachians added to national forests, set aside federal oil lands • BUT…he causes problems: • Begins selling off some land/water conservation areas • Places Richard A. Ballinger as Sec. Of Interior • He starts selling land set aside for parks to corporate developers

  26. Problems in the Republican Party • Taft Supported the political boss, “Uncle Joe” Cannon • As Chairman of the House Rules Committee, Cannon often ignored progressive bills • Stripped him of his power • TR returns from Africa promoting “New Nationalism” in which the fed. gov’t exerted its power for the welfare of the people • TR ran for a 3rd term in a new (progressive) party: The Bull Moose Party • Platform called for the direct election of senators and the adoption in all states of the initiative, referendum and recall. • The split gave the Democrats their first chance at the White House since 1892…Woodrow Wilson wins in 1912

  27. Wilson’s New Freedom • From Staunton, VA, was the president of Princeton and the polit. machine wanted a candidate they could control • Says that he will attack the Triple Wall of Privilege: tariffs, banks and trusts • Felt as TR did that the President had to play an active role in obtaining change in the country

  28. Breaking down the Triple Wall of Privilege: Tariff Reform • Underwood- Simmons Tariff 1913: lowered tariffs down to 29-41% • Did this by telling the people to hold their Congressmen accountable • Changed the revenue of the Fed. Gov’t • US no longer gets the majority of its revenue from tariffs • 16th Amendment: INCOME TAX!! • This is how the US makes up the difference

  29. Breaking Down the Triple Wall of Privilege: Banking Reform • Need the gov’t to oversee the actions of the banking industry more • Set up the Federal Reserve Board • Decentralizes the private banking system

  30. Breaking Down the Triple Wall of Privilege: Trusts • Establishes the Federal Trade Commission Act: 5 member committee that had the power to investigate unfair business (trade) practices including unlawful competition, fake advertising, mislabeling, bribery • If found unlawful, the commission will tell them to “cease and desist” and turn them over to the courts • Clayton Anti-trust Act: designed to strengthen the Sherman Anti-trust Act • Declared more business practices illegal (Ex: cant but stocks in another company if it will eventually give you a monopoly) • Helped laborers: legal to strike, peacefully picket, boycott and collect strike benefits

  31. Other Wilson Acts • LaFollette Seaman’s Act (1915): improves working conditions on American merchant ships • Adamson Act (1916): 8 hr. work day for RR • Federal Farm Loan Act (1916): low interest loans for farmers • Warehouse Act (1916): loans on the security of staple crops • Workingman’s Compensation Act (1916) grant assistance to federal civil service employees during disability

  32. Woman Suffrage and African Americans • The movement gained strength with college-educated women • Carrie Chapman Catt took over the NAWSA • The efforts of women in WWI led to the passage of the 19th Amendment granting women the right to vote • Wilson didn’t make any progressive moves concerning African Americans due to his southern roots

More Related