First Aid

1. First Aid Poisoning, Heat/Cold, Burns & Bleeding

2. First Aid Basic Information • Obtain help A.S.A.P. • Be confident and calm. • Protect the victim. • Maintain confidentiality. • Avoid further injury of the victim. • Only provide treatment you’re qualified to give.

3. Happens by swallowing, inhaling, injecting, and contact with skin. Obtain help A.S.A.P. Poison Control Center: 1-800-222-1222 Know type of poison (if noticeable) Know how the injury came about. Know how the victim came in contact with the poison. Poisoning Basic Information

4. Poisoning Swallowing • S/S: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, difficulty breathing, changes in consciousness, and seizures. • Call Poison Control Center. • Provide the S/S. • Determine type of poison, how much was ingested, and when it was taken. • Don’t give victim anything to eat or drink unless instructed to do so.

5. If patient is conscious: Induce vomiting by: Syrup of Ipecac, warm salt water, and tickling the back of the throat. DO NOT induce if: pt. swallowed acid, alkaline, or petroleum products, pt. is having convulsions, or if pt. has fresh burns. If patient is unconscious: Check for breathing. Always triage (to prioritize pt’s according to severity of injury.) Poisoning Swallowing cont….

6. Poisoning Inhaling • Call poison control center. • S/S: pale or bluish skin. • Remove the victim from the toxic fumes. • Check breathing.

7. Poisoning Contact with Skin • Call Poison Control Center. • Wash area with large amounts of water. • Remove clothing and jewelry. • If contact with poison ivy, poison oak, etc. use calamine lotion or make a paste with baking soda and water.

8. Remove the stinger with a plastic card or a pair of tweezers. Wash area with soap and water, cover, and apply ice to reduce swelling and pain. Check for S/S of shock. Call for help A.S.A.P. if signs of shock. Give CPR if needed. S/S for allergic reaction: redness or swelling, itching, hives, and pain, swelling of the throat, dyspnea, and dizziness. Poisoning Stings and Bites

9. Poisoning Snakes • Wash the wound. • Keep body part very still. • Keep body part lower than the heart. • Look for S/S of shock and allergic reactions and provide CPR if needed. • DO NOT: apply ice, cut the wound, or apply a tourniquet.

10. Injuries can be caused by fire, heat, chemicals, radiation, and electricity. When a burn breaks the skin, infection can occur. Burns can result in difficult breathing. Call for help A.S.A.P. Burns Basic Information

11. Burns Superficial Burns • Involves the top (epidermis) layer of skin. • S/S: redness, discoloration, swelling, pain, and dry. • Heals in 5-6 days without permanent scarring. • Causes: the sun and mild contact with heat and flames. ** 1 st Degree Burns**

12. Burns Partial –Thickness Burns • Involves the top two layers (epidermis & dermis) of the skin. • S/S: redness with blisters, mottled, wet appearance, pain, and swelling. • Heals within 3-4 weeks with mild scarring. **2 nd Degree Burns**

13. 2nd Degree

14. Burns Full-Thickness Burns • Involves all layers of the skin, muscle tissue, fat, bones, and nerves. • S/S: appears brown or black (charred) with white underlying tissue, can be extremely painful to painless. • This burns is critical and requires immediate medical attention. **3 rd Degree Burns**

15. 3rd degree

16. All 3 types

17. Remove the victim from the source of heat. Cool the skin with large amounts of water. Cover the burn with a sterile dressing. If possible, relieve the pain. Check for S/S of shock. Prevent any infection. Burns How to care for burns

18. Heat Exposure • Heat Cramps: muscle spasms and pain; thru perspiration you have a lack of Sodium. Care: move victim to cooler area and give small sips of water and encourage them to rest. • Heat Exhaustion: body temperature is normal, you have a lack of fluids because of excessive diaphoresis. S/S: similar to shock. Care: move victim to cooler area, use cold wet cloths, and give small sips of water.

19. Heat Exposure • Heat Stroke: ***Medical Emergency*** body is no longer able to cool itself off, body temperature is 105F. or more. S/S: no ability to sweat, skin is dry, red, and hot, fast, but strong pulse, loss of consciousness and disoriented. Care: cool victim down with a tepid bath. If you don’t get the victim cooled down, convulsions can occur then death. Victim CAN NOT take a warm bath/shower, get into a sauna or a hot tub or exercise for one week.

20. Cold Exposure Frostbite • What is it?? damage to the skin and the underlying tissue. • Check for hypothermia (lowered body temperature) and treat these symptoms. • S/S: hard, pale, and cold quality of skin, lack of sensitivity to touch, but a sharp, aching pain, as the skin thaws the skin becomes red and painful.

21. Cold Exposure Ways to care for frostbite • Move victim to a warmer place. • Remove the wet clothing. • Apply warm cloths to affected area for 20-30 minutes. • Apply dry, sterile dressings. • Check for S/S of shock and provide CPR if needed.

22. Bleeding • To stop bleeding on an open wound: apply pressure with a clean absorbent cloth. • Raise the wounded body part above the heart. • Once the bleeding stops, clean wound with soap and water. • Wrap in a sterile dressing.

23. Bleeding Nosebleeds • Have the victim sit with their head tilted a bit forward. • Pinch their nostrils together. • Place an ice pack on the bridge of the nose.