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The Complex Debate on American Imperialism and Foreign Policy Strategies

This analysis explores the multifaceted debate surrounding American imperialism and its implications for foreign policy. It delves into the divided public opinion on imperialism, highlighting the formation of the Anti-Imperialist League, which arose from diverse societal sectors. Arguments against imperialism emphasize its unnecessary nature for trade, the risk of entanglement in foreign conflicts, and betrayals of fundamental American values. The discussion also considers key figures like Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson, and their strategies, including "Dollar Diplomacy" and "Moral Diplomacy."

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The Complex Debate on American Imperialism and Foreign Policy Strategies

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  1. Foreign Policy Strategies America Goes Forth

  2. Focus Question: • Explain how can you best get along with your neighbors

  3. The Debate over Imperialism • Public opinion divided over Imperialism • Cut across all existing groups • Sparked a furious debate

  4. Rationale for Imperialism • Drive for the U.S. to be an imperial power • Commerce • National Security • National Stature • Export Democracy

  5. Anti-Imperialist League • Opposition Arose to Imperialism • Anti-Imperialist League formed • Drew from all walks of life • Labor and Capital • North and South • Country and City

  6. Arguments of the League • Unnecessary for trade • U.S. should focus on producing the best • People would buy • U.S. would be drawn into foreign wars

  7. Labor • Colonial peoples would compete for U.S. jobs • Wage levels would drop • Betrayed basic American ideals • Ape European powers • Turn our backs on the founders

  8. Relationship with Latin America • The U.S. has to rethink foreign policy strategy • Prior strategy: Neutrality in world affairs • Monroe Doctrine (1823) • U.S. won’t allow Europeans to reestablish colonies in the Americas

  9. Theodore Roosevelt • TR was an ardent nationalist • Disciple of Mahan’s theories of Naval supremacy • Promoted Imperialism

  10. “Big Stick” Diplomacy • West African Proverb “Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick • Use the military to meet foreign policy aims • The Navy as the “Big Stick” • Panama and the Canal Zone

  11. Roosevelt Corollary • Latin American nations in debt to Europeans • Europeans threatened to intervene • U.S. occupied several nations to force repayment • The U.S. could intervene in Latin America

  12. William Howard Taft • Trained as a lawyer • Served as a federal judge • Military Governor of the Philippines

  13. “Dollar Diplomacy” • Use trade and investment in conducting policy • U.S. firms invest heavily into Latin America • Look to the U.S. to protect investments • U.S. uses economic pressure to meet aims

  14. Woodrow Wilson • Son and grandson of Presbyterian ministers • Trained as an academic • President of Princeton University • Governor of New Jersey

  15. Moral Diplomacy • U.S. to set an example to the world • Set a moral tone to policies • Promote democracy in Latin America • Self-government in the Philippines • Voting rights in Puerto Rico

  16. Mexico • Moral Diplomacy tested by Mexico • 1913: Mexican government overthrown by Huerta • Huerta promised to protect U.S. investments • Wilson refused to recognize the Huerta regime • U.S. lent support to Carranza in 1914 • Huerta fled the country

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