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Understanding Maps and Science Projects: Key Concepts for Students

This educational guide engages students in understanding maps, their features, and related scientific project principles. Begin with comparative exercises on map types, explore the significance of latitude and longitude, and identify features of useful maps, including scale, clarity, and legends. Students will discover how to design effective science projects, emphasizing hypothesis testing, experimental controls, and evidence gathering. Activities include comparing geographical areas and drawing scale models to deepen comprehension of mapping concepts and their practical applications in real-world scenarios.

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Understanding Maps and Science Projects: Key Concepts for Students

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  1. Warm up • QUIETLY compare the maps at your table • What do they have in common?

  2. Warm up • Which is largest- • Greenland, South America or Africa?

  3. Warm up • What makes a good science project? • good explanation, testable hypothesis, answer • Good topic • Model/ good visual display • Evidence, science log, Conclusion • Correct info/examples • Good experimental design controls/variable

  4. What is a map? • A model representing a place • Globe is the most accurate model/map • Other maps are easier to carry and may have the details you want

  5. What makes a good/useful map? • Scale • Clarity • Legend • Index • Inset map • Accurate information • Color • Fits your purpose • Compass rose

  6. Warm up • (Table) • What do the latitude and longitude of Boston, Anaheim and St. Petersburg tell us? • Region of country, neighbors, plate • Hemisphere • Coast - longitude • Climate – latitude • Time zone

  7. Boston – 42o N, 71oW • Anaheim – 33oN, 117oW • St. P – 27oN, 82oW Latitude, longitude Tells distance from equator, distance from Prime Meridian

  8. Warm up • Draw a scale model of your table

  9. Scale • Measure then shrink or grow • Map scale the ratio between the model and actual • 1:25000 • 1cm to 25 000 cm – Boston topographic map’s scale or 1 cm to 250 m (0.25km)

  10. Sketch a map of the stairs

  11. Mercator – cylindrical, distorts near poles, good for navigation, line of latitude and longitude are perpendicular • Planar – gnomic, polar projection, good at a pole, distorts equator, etc • Conic – polyconic, good for smaller areas, US map

  12. Warm up What’s the elevation of BLS?

  13. Globes are somewhat cumbersome • 2 dimensions representation • What is the best type of map projection? • Why?

  14. Warm up • Why is it important to be able to measure the Earth in Latitude and Longitude?

  15. Warm up • What are the most important points or line to know on a globe or map?

  16. Warm up • In what situation might it be useful to know your latitude and longitude?

  17. test • Multiple choice – 15, at most • Latitude/longitude – find the locations • Topographic map – draw a profile and interpret

  18. suggestions • Review your notes/activities/hw • Review text • Complete the review sheet • Look through the power point on Teacher web • Quiz self/friends • Explain maps to mom, dad, the pet and your siblings

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