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Chapter 1

Chapter 1. The Science of Marine Biology. Why Study Marine Biology?. Life originated in the oceans. Why Study Marine Biology?. Life originated in the oceans Medical advances. Sedgewickmuseum.org. Why Study Marine Biology?. Life originated in the oceans Medical advances

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Chapter 1

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  1. Chapter 1 • The Science of Marine Biology

  2. Why Study Marine Biology? • Life originated in the oceans

  3. Why Study Marine Biology? • Life originated in the oceans • Medical advances Sedgewickmuseum.org

  4. Why Study Marine Biology? • Life originated in the oceans • Medical advances • Food, medicine, tourism earthobservatory.nasa.gov countryliving.com

  5. Why Study Marine Biology? • Life originated in the oceans • Medical advances • Food, medicine, tourism • Marine organisms produce half the air we breathe

  6. Earliest History • Stone blades found in sea caves with piles of shells (165,000 years ago)

  7. Ancient Pacific Islanders • Navigated using the sun and stars • Sturdy double-hulled canoes

  8. Phoenicians • First accomplished western navigators (2000 B.C.) • Related to trade, transportation, and food • Keeled hull ships phoenicia.org phoenicia.org

  9. Growth of Marine Biology in Europe • Aristotle and his drawings (father of marine Biology) • Leif Ericksson discovered N. America (AD 995) • News never reached eastern Europe • Christopher Columbus 1492 • Magellan circumnavigates the globe 1519 askabiologist.asu.edu

  10. Cook Expedition • 1768 explored all the oceans • First expedition to make scientific observations along the way • First to use a chronometer to accurately measure longitude (maps!) • James Cook killed in Hawaii during a fight with the natives

  11. HMS Beagle • 1831 • Charles Darwin • Took samples • Evolution, how coral atolls form (geology) • *Really liked barnacles meer.org/ebook/mbhist.htm oceanservice.noaa.gov

  12. Wilkes Expedition • 1838-1842 • First government sponsored expedition (U.S.) • 2000 new species identified • Charted the coast of Antarctica and determined it was a land mass

  13. Challenger Expedition • 1872 Charles Wyville Thompson • Brittish expedition lasting 3.5 years • Brought back more information than was ever gathered before • Measurements were taken carefully and methodically meer.org/ebook/mbhist.htm

  14. Movement to the Nearshore • Permanent laboratories were set up • Stazione Zoologica (Italy) • Marine Biology Society of the United Kingdom • Woods Hole (1888) • Hopkins (Stanford) • Scripps Institute of Oceanography • Friday Harbor (U. of Washington) www-marine.stanford.edu

  15. Technology Enters the Scene • Sonar • Scuba

  16. Sonar • Developed during WWII to locate Nazi U-boats • SOund Navigation And Ranging • Detect underwater echos

  17. Scuba • Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus • Allowed scientists to work under water • Limited to shallow water

  18. Marine Biology Today • *Research vessels • High tech submarines • ROVs (Remotely operated vehicles) • AUVs (Autonomous underwater vehicles) • Undersea habitats • Remote sensing (satellites) wapedia.mobi/en http://www.ustream.tv/aquariusreefbase

  19. Marine Biology Today • Research vessels • *High tech submarines • ROVs (Remotely operated vehicles) • AUVs (Autonomous underwater vehicles) • Undersea habitats • Remote sensing (satellites) ic.ucsc.edu http://www.ustream.tv/aquariusreefbase

  20. Marine Biology Today • Research vessels • High tech submarines • *ROVs (Remotely operated vehicles) • *AUVs (Autonomous underwater vehicles) • Undersea habitats • Remote sensing (satellites) oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/technology http://www.ustream.tv/aquariusreefbase

  21. Marine Biology Today • Research vessels • High tech submarines • ROVs (Remotely operated vehicles) • AUVs (Autonomous underwater vehicles) • *Undersea habitats • Remote sensing (satellites) http://www.ustream.tv/aquariusreefbase

  22. Marine Biology Today • Research vessels • High tech submarines • ROVs (Remotely operated vehicles) • AUVs (Autonomous underwater vehicles) • Undersea habitats • *Remote sensing (satellites) http://www.ustream.tv/aquariusreefbase njscuba.net

  23. Challenger Activity • Groups of 4 • Discuss the answer to your question • Prepare a 2-3 min answer to share with the class

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