WARM UP

1. WARM UP Pick up lecture note pages on front desk In two sentences, answer why do you think that Americans after 1812 felt a need to move to the west?

2. Goal 2.01 Analyze the effects of territorial expansion and the admission of new states to the Union.

3. A US Territorial Expansion When? A - 13 Original Colonies • 1776 From Where? • Great Britain Why? • American colonies claimed independence from Great Britain

4. US Territorial Expansion When? B - Western Lands • 1783 From Where? • Great Britain Why? • Granted to U.S. as result of Treaty of Paris (which ended Revolutionary War) A B

5. US Territorial Expansion When? C - LouisianaPurchase • 1803 From Where? • France Why? • Napoleon needed $ • Jefferson wanted to buy New Orleans • He got all of this instead! A C B

6. US Territorial Expansion When? D - Florida • 1819 From Where? • Spain Why? • Andrew Jackson invaded over Seminole issues • Spain then sold it to us for $5 million in Adams-Onis Treaty A C B D

7. US Territorial Expansion When? E - Texas • 1845 From Where? • Republic of Texas (Independent Country) Why? • Texas independent from Mexico in 1836 • Northerners feared it would become a slave state • Fears finally overcome in 1944 Presidential election A C B E D

8. US Territorial Expansion When? F - Oregon Territory • 1846 From Where? • Great Britain Why? • Disputed territory- claimed by both U.S. & Great Britain • Americans demanded “54-40’ or fight!” • Britain agreed to Treaty w/ U.S. F A C B E D

9. US Territorial Expansion When? G - Mexican Cession • 1848 From Where? • Mexico Why? • Polk offers to buy G from Mexico & they refuse • Mexican War! • US wins • In Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, US offers $15 million for G Mexico forced to accept F A C B G E D

10. Free WriteIn your own words and looking at the picture define what Manifest Destiny is? American Progress Color Lithograph by George A. Crofutt and John Gast

11. What is “Manifest Destiny” • Belief that the US should expand its territory across entire continent from coast to coast

12. Mr. Manifest Destiny James K. Polk • Elected President in 1844 • Added more territory to the US (by any means) than any other President • Promised to annex Texas and take all the Oregon Country from Britain • “54-40 or fight” slogan

13. FULFILLING OUR MANIFEST DESTINYHow did the U.S. gain all this land?WAR PURCHASETREATY ANNEXATION

14. Why People Moved West • Religious Freedom • Running from the law or debt • To own land • To get rich (’49ers) • Get a new start • To be free

15. Trails West • Oregon Trail = immigration trail • Mormon Trail = immigration trail • Santa Fe Trail = trade route

16. 1803-1806 • Lewis & Clark Expedition explore the Louisiana Territory • Corps of Discovery • 1st Americans to see the Pacific Ocean

17. ". . . the object of your mission is to explore the Missouri river, and such principal streams of it, as, by its course and communication with the waters of the Pacific Ocean, whether the Columbia, Oregon, Colorado or any other river, may offer the most direct and practicable water communication across this continent for the purposes of commerce . . ."

18. FREE WRITE http://www.history.com/videos/lewis--clark-expedition-charts-new-territory#colonists-protest-british-policies Do you think Jefferson made a valid decisions in purchasing the Louisiana Purchase? Explain

19. 1811 • The National Road connects Cumberland, Maryland with Columbus Ohio & continues westward.

20. 1825 • The Erie Canal connect the Atlantic Ocean & the Great Lakes. • Called the “Big Ditch”, it greatly improved shipping.

21. 1835 • American farmers in Texas begin a war of rebellion against Mexico. • Americans want more representation in the Mexican gov’t. • Sound familiar?

22. 1837 • John Deere produces the steel plow, which now allows farmers to burst through the tough prairie soil known as sod.

23. 1837 • Cyrus McCormick produces the mechanical reaper allowing farmers to greatly reduce the amount of labor needed to harvest their grain crops. In 1841 it took sixty-five hours to produce one acre of wheat; in 1941, it takes only two and one-half hours to do the same job.

24. 1842 • The Oregon territory opens for settlement; many would-be settlers travel along the 2,000 mile pathway across the Great Plains and the Rocky Mountains known as the Oregon Trail.

25. Life on the Oregon Trail

26. FREE WRITE http://nebraskastudies.org/0400/stories/0401_0143_01.html Would you sacrifice your way of life to venture on the Oregon Trail in hopes of a better life? Why or why not.

27. The Donner Party • Immigrants moving to California 1848 • Lost in Sierra Nevada Mtns. • Terrible hardships, forced to eat anything… Tastes like chicken

28. 1844 • James K. Polk used the slogan 54-40 or Fight! To push for the annexation of Oregon territory. • This settles the US National Border at that latitude line.

29. 1847 • Led by Brigham Young, the Mormons end their journey along the Mormon Trail at the shores of the Great Salt Lake in the Utah Territory. • Traveled west to escape religious persecution.

30. FREE WRITE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zj3grveF0E8 Why as a country did we persecute the Mormons even though we were found on religious freedoms?

31. 1848 • The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo gives all Mexican land north of the Rio Grande River to the USA. • Treaty officially ends the Mexican-American War, but causes more problems for the USA.

32. 1850 • Bavarian-born Levi Strauss patents & sells a new style of work trousers made from French fabric known as denim or genes cloth to many of the gold miners arriving in California.

33. War for Texas Independence1835-1836 Texas fights for independence from Mexico • 1821: Mexico gains its independence from Spain • 1821: Mexico invites American to settle in Texas

34. 1825: Stephen Austin established a successful American colony in Texas • 1830: Mexico closed its borders to American settlers • 1833: Stephen Austin asks Pres. Santa Anna (Mexico) for more self government & is put in jail.

35. 1835: Battle of the Alamo • American are slaughtered by Santa Anna’s army • Daniel Boone • Jim Bowie • 1836: Battle of San Jacinto • Led by Sam Houston, Americans attack Mexico – “Remember the Alamo!!”

36. 1836: Treaty of Velasco • Texas gains independence from Mexico & becomes its own country • 1838: Sam Houston asks the US to annex Texas • 1845: Texas becomes the 28th states in the USA • Will it be a free state or a slave state?!?!? • 1845: Us asks to buy California & New Mexico from Mexico for $25 million • Mexico refuses & is mad (upset over Texas) • 1/1846: US Pres. Polk sent American troops to Southern Texas to protect disputed territory – 16 Americans die • Polk knew there would be American casualties & hoped it would compel Congress to declare war

37. FREE WRITE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N89LzFdlz5E Summarize the War for Texas Independence.

38. Mexican-American War1846-1848 • January 1846: President Polk Send troops to protect Texas (16 Americans die….) • May 1846: Congress declares war on Mexico • North worried more slave states will enter the Union!! • Southerners support the war • June 1846: California declares independence from Mexico & becomes the Bear Flag Republic. • August 1847: US troops capture the capital of Mexico (Mexico City)

39. Mexican-American War1846-1848 • February 1848: Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo • Ends Mex.-Am. War • US gets California, New Mexico & Utah territories for $15 million • Rio Grande River becomes southern border of Texas

40. FREE WRITE Which was NOT a provision of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo? •  The US government settled debts owed to US citizens. •  New Mexico was acquired. •  The Rio Grande became Texas's border. •  Mexico had to pay the US $15 million in damages. •  California was acquired. http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/the-mexican-american-war-treaty-of-guadalupe-hidalgo-the-wilmot-proviso.html#lesson

41. The Pony Express • Between April, 1860 and Nov., 1861. • Delivered news and mail between St. Louis, MO and San Francisco, CA. • Took 10 days. • Replaced by the completion of the trans-continental telegraph line.

42. Native Americans and Mexicans likely suffered as a result of America’s westward expansion during the 1800s? Why? Native Americans lost more of their land and was pushed further West. Mexicans had lost half of their territory to America.

43. Free Write “Gold Mine Found – In the newly made raceway of the Saw Mill …, gold has been found in considerable quantities. One Person brought thirty dollars worth to New Helvetia…California, no doubt, s rich in mineral wealth; great chances her for scientific capitalists. Gold has been found in almost every part of the country.” Californian – San Francisco 3.5.1848 Which of the following best describes the most likely impact of the newspaper announcement above? The exploration of the western territories had finally concluded. The Mexican government brought legal action against the US to regain control of the territory. The rapidly growing population was more diversified that that of the East Coast. The United States passed stronger immigration laws to exclude Asians from entering the country.

44. CLOSURE Handout complete by end of class.