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Urban Problems and the New Immigrants in America

Explore the challenges faced by new immigrants in US cities from 1890-1900s, including living conditions, political corruption, and contrasting views on assimilation. Learn about key figures like Jacob Riis and Jane Addams.

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Urban Problems and the New Immigrants in America

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  1. Warm Up • What was the “Open Door” policy and what country was it aimed at? • What does it mean when we say that the US “Opened” Japan? • Why did the US go to war with Spain and what territories did the US acquire as a result of the war? • What constitutional issue developed as a result of the U.S. becoming an imperial power? • What reason did McKinley give for retaining the Philippians?

  2. Problems in Cities at the turn of the Century (1890s-1900s)

  3. Review • Who was Madison Grant and what were his main ideas? • Who were the “New” immigrants and why was their a lot of hostility towards them? • A = People from Southern & Eastern Europe. They were different than most previous immigrants to America in that they were not of the “Nordic” race and were primarily Catholic and Jewish.

  4. Jacob Riis • Born in Denmark • America’s 1st Photojournalist • Book = How the Other Half Lives: Studies Among the Tenements of New York. • It about the poor living conditions of the “New” immigrants.

  5. Increased Urbanization • More people moving to cities at end of 1800s. • Improved farm machines = fewer farm jobs. People went to cities to look for work. • “New Immigrants” also going to cities.

  6. Social Problems • High crime rates • Poor housing for the poor and “New immigrants” (Tenements). • Bad Sanitation

  7. Dumbbell Tenements • Type of tenement that got narrow in middle. • Built like this because a law said every room needed a window.

  8. If you were an immigrant from Italy arriving in New York city in 1900, what would you need once you got here? Who do you think would help you?

  9. Reading • Read textbook pg. 238 “Political Corruption” • Read Handout

  10. Political Corruption • Lots of $ being spent as cities got more crowded. • Political Machines = political organizations that exchanged favors for votes. • Once in power, used political offices to get $ and give favors. • Most Democratic Political Machines give favors to “new Immigrants” to get their votes. • Most famous machine is Tammany Hall in New York City.

  11. William “Boss” Tweed • Leader of Tammany Hall

  12. Why Would people not like corrupt Political Machines? • Because people in government are supposed to do things for the public good, not to make $ for themselves. • Also, people should vote for who will do the best for everybody, not because they did you a favor.

  13. Jane Addams • Wants to help urban immigrants. • Settlement Houses —provide educational and social services for immigrants. • Hull House (Chicago)

  14. Differing Views on “New” Immigrants. • People like Jane Addams want to help them assimilate—learn how to be like everybody else. • Others hold nativist attitudes—they do not really want any immigrants coming to the US (especially ones that are not from western and northern Europe and are not Protestant. • Nativists generally call for laws to limit immigration.

  15. Recap • What were some of the problems with cities in at the turn of the century? • Who was Jacob Riis, what was the name of his book, and what was it about? • What were political machines and what was their relationship to the “New” Immigrants? • What was the most infamous political machine? • What were settlement houses? • What was the name of the most famous settlement house and who was the woman who ran it?

  16. Re-Cap • By 1900s, Eastern cities were getting larger, but this created many problems. • Jacob Riis documented the many problems that the “New Immigrants” faced in America. • Most big-city governments were run by political machines like Tammany hall and where corrupt. • Settlement Houses were set up to help the “New Immigrants.”

  17. Melting pot v. Salad bowl

  18. The melting pot is a metaphor for a heterogeneous society becoming more homogeneous, the different elements "melting together" into a harmonious whole with a common culture. It is particularly used to describe the assimilation of immigrants to the United States;

  19. The Salad Bowl • the salad bowl analogy where the ingredients are encouraged to retain their cultural identities, thus retaining their "integrity and flavor" while contributing to a tasty salad

  20. Increased transportation • Cable-cars • Trolley cars • Subways • Allow for cities to get even bigger.

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