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The Science of Biology: Goals, Methodology, and Understanding

This chapter explores the science of biology, including its goals, methodology, and the characteristics shared by all living things. It also emphasizes the importance of the metric system in scientific measurement.

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The Science of Biology: Goals, Methodology, and Understanding

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 1 The Science of Biology

  2. What is science? • What are the goals of science?

  3. Science as a Way of Knowing • Science is an organized way of gathering and analyzing evidence about the natural world.

  4. Scientific Methodology: The Heart of Science • What is the scientific method?

  5. OBSERVATION • The act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses.

  6. “BASIC SCIENTIFIC METHOD” • Ask Questions • Make Predictions and Form a Hypothesis (statement that is tested)

  7. “BASIC SCIENTIFIC METHOD” • Confirm Predictions with Controlled Experiments • Experiment – a planned procedure to test a hypothesis • Control Group – receives no experimental treatment • Independent Variable – factor that is varied • Dependent Variable – variable that is measured

  8. “BASIC SCIENTIFIC METHOD” • Draw Conclusions • Publish Results

  9. THEORY • A set of related hypotheses that have been tested and confirmed many times. • Theories allow scientists to make accurate predictions about new situations

  10. Science and Society • What is the relationship between science and society? • Using science involves understanding its context in society and its limitations.

  11. Understanding and Using Science • Understanding biology will help you realize that we humans can predict the consequences of our actions and take an active role in directing our future and that of our planet.

  12. What is Biology? • The study of life

  13. Characteristics of Living Things • What characteristics do all living things share? • Living things are: • made up of basic units called cells • are based on a universal genetic code • obtain and use materials and energy • grow and develop • Reproduce • respond to their environment • maintain a stable internal environment • change over time

  14. Characteristics of Living Things • Living things are made up of one or more cells—the smallest units considered fully alive. • Cells can grow, respond to their surroundings, and reproduce.

  15. Characteristics of Living Things • Living things are based on a universal genetic code. • All organisms store the complex information they need to live, grow, and reproduce in a genetic code written in a molecule called DNA. • That information is copied and passed from parent to offspring and is almost identical in every organism on Earth.

  16. Characteristics of Living Things • Living things obtain and use material and energy to grow, develop, and reproduce. • The combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials is called metabolism.

  17. Characteristics of Living Things • Living things grow and develop.

  18. Characteristics of Living Things • Living things reproduce, which means that they produce new similar organisms. • Most plants and animals engage in sexual reproduction, in which cells from two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism. • Other organisms reproduce through asexual reproduction, in which a single organism produces offspring identical to itself.

  19. Characteristics of Living Things • Living things respond to their environment. • A stimulus is a signal to which an organism responds. • For example, some plants can produce unsavory chemicals to ward off caterpillars that feed on their leaves.

  20. Characteristics of Living Things • Living things maintain a relatively stable internal environment, even when external conditions change dramatically. • All living organisms expend energy to keep conditions inside their cells within certain limits. This is called homeostasis.

  21. Characteristics of Living Things • Over generations, groups of organisms evolve, or change over time. • Evolutionary change links all forms of life to a common origin more than 3.5 billion years ago.

  22. Performing Biological Investigations • How is the metric system important in science? • Most scientists use the metric system when collecting data and performing experiments.

  23. Scientific Measurement: Common Metric Units

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