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Chapter 1

Chapter 1. Drugs, and Behavior Today . At the Completion of This Class, . You Should Be Familiar With the Following: Basic terminology concerning drugs and drug-taking behavior. The origins and history of drugs and drug-taking behavior. Objective Cont’d.

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Chapter 1

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  1. Chapter 1 Drugs, and Behavior Today

  2. At the Completion of This Class, You Should Be Familiar With the Following: • Basic terminology concerning drugs and drug-taking behavior. • The origins and history of drugs and drug-taking behavior.

  3. Objective Cont’d. • Possible reasons why people take or do not take drugs. • Current trends in drug-taking behavior.

  4. Basic Definitions • Drug — a chemical substance that, when taken into the body, alters the structure or functioning of the body in some way, excluding those nutrients considered to be related to normal functioning • Psychoactive drugs:a drug that influences the functioning of the brain and hence our behavior and experience

  5. TWO TYPES OF DRUG USE • INSTRUMENTAL USE A person is taking a drug with a specific socially-approved goal in mind. • RECREATIONAL USE A person is taking a drug for the sole purpose of experiencing its psychoactive properties (e.g., to get “high”).

  6. FOUR CATEGORIES OF DRUG-TAKING BEHAVIORIllicit drug/instrumental useIllicit drug/recreational useFOUR CATEGORIES OF DRUG-TAKING BEHAVIOR • Illicit drug/instrumental use • Illicit drug/recreational use • Licit drug/instrumental use • Licit drug/recreational use

  7. Drugs-Examples • Licit drugs: alcohol, nicotine and caffeine. • Illicit drugs: heroin, cocaine, marijuana, and LSD.

  8. Definitions (Cont’d) • Drug dependence: intense craving and a need to increase quantities for the same effect. • Drug misuse: impairment of mental, physical, emotional, or social well-being due to inappropriate use.

  9. Definitions (Cont’d) • Drug Abuse: continued deliberate use leading into impairment

  10. Drugs in Earlier Times • Curiosity kill the. • Shamanism: systemic drug use, trances and plant-based medicines. • Placebo effect: improvement based on belief, not the effectiveness of the drug.

  11. Drugs in the Nineteenth Century • Problems: widespread use and uncontrolled access to psychoactive drugs; Opium and cocaine through patent medicines. • Morphine (GOM): popular prescription for pain. Heroin was advertised as a completely safe remedy for common ailments.

  12. Drugs in the Nineteenth Century • Prohibition era (1920-1933) resulted in an increase in illicit drug abuse.

  13. Drugs & Behavior From 1945 to 1960 • 1940’s-medical revolution: antibiotic drugs, and birth of chemotherapy. • 1954-1st generation of Thorazine.

  14. Drugs & Behavior From 1945 to 1960 • Recreational-smoking was sexy & romantic, two martini lunch, social drinking was at it PEAK! • Unawareness: nicotine & alcohol consumption was – drug-taking behavior.

  15. Drugs and Behavior Since 1960 • Freedom: birth control pills. • Marijuana, uppers, and downers @ peak.

  16. Drugs and Behavior Since 1960 • Hippies to yuppies; Heroine overshadow by cocaine (expensive aura of glamour). • Crack-cheaper, smokable form of cocaine.

  17. Drug in Our Society Today • 51% consume alcohol • 29% smoke cigarettes • 6% use illegal drugs on a regular basis • Increase of illegal usage by youths (12-17 yrs)

  18. Old Drugs, New Drugs • Since 1991, cocaine declined in the USA, heroin is on an upswing. • Old habits-new danger (infection-HIV).

  19. Old Drugs, New Drugs • Club drugs-LSD,Ecstasy,... & Alcohol. • Dietary supplements-enhance mood, energize the mind, relieve feeling of anxiety. • Ephedrine – expand bronchial tubes, increase blood pressure and heart rate.

  20. 6 Classifications of Psychoactive Drugs • Narcotics • Depressants • Stimulants • Psychedelics/hallucinogens • Marijuana • Inhalants

  21. Drug Problems: Health-related Consequences • Delay in medical treatment • Reduction in personal problem-solving effectiveness • Additional health problems (i.E., Toxic reaction, panic, flashback, mental disorders) • Suicide • HIV/aids

  22. Current Drug Overview • After 10 years of decline, drug usage is up….Why???

  23. Current Drug Overview • American youths are experimenting more often than before. • Marijuana and new designer drugs are preferred over other drugs.

  24. Future Drug Prospective • Predictions are based on current usage of our youths • Role of parents

  25. Future Drug Prospective • Federal government programs/spending • Societal attitudes

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