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Understanding the States and Properties of Matter

This informative piece explores the fundamental concept of matter, including its definition and the building blocks—atoms, elements, and compounds. It details the four states of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma, along with their characteristics, energy levels, and the processes that change one state into another, such as melting, boiling, and condensation. Additionally, it distinguishes between extensive and intensive properties of matter, providing clear examples of each. This overview is essential for grasping the basics of physical science.

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Understanding the States and Properties of Matter

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  1. What’s the MATTER , part I

  2. Matter: • Anything that has mass and takes up space Matter is made up of building blocks: atom – smallest unit of an element. element – a pure substance made of only one kind of atom. compound – made of two or more atoms that are chemically combined.

  3. States of Matter • Solid- • Definite volume and shape • Particles are tightly packed • Slight expansion when heated • Incompressible

  4. Liquid- • Has definite volume, but no definite shape (assumes the shape of the container) • Particles are loosely packed (can flow) • Easily expand when heated • Considered incompressible

  5. Gas- • No definite shape or volume • Expands to fill the container • Particles are spaced far apart • Compressible

  6. FYI – Composition of Air

  7. Plasma- • Consists of electrically charged particles • It’s an ionized gas • Common in space, but very rare on Earth • Found in lightning, fluorescent lights and neon signs

  8. Gas Liquid Solid Plasma

  9. Energy Amounts in States of Matter • Solid- little energy, particles vibrate and rotate • Liquid- more energy, they move freely • Gas- even more energy, move quickly • Plasma- most energy, move extremely fast

  10. Names of Phase Changes • Solid to Liquid = Melting • Liquid to Gas = Boiling/evaporation • Gas to Liquid = Condensation • Liquid to Solid = Freezing • Solid to Gas = Sublimation • Gas to Solid = Deposition

  11. States of Matter a.k.a. Phases of Matter Gas Energy Liquid Solid

  12. Properties of Matter • 2 Types: • Extensive – depends on the amount of the sample (E AM IS) • Examples = volume mass length weight

  13. Properties of Matter (cont.) • Intensive – does not depend on the amount of the sample (I AM NOT) • Examples = density melting point boiling point malleability ductility color odor

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