1. Civil Rights 1960s

2. Civil Rights • Civil Rights: the rights guaranteed to all people who are citizens of the United States

3. Timeline of Civil Rights • 1800s: Emancipation Proclamation • 1896: Plessy v. Ferguson Court Case (Jim Crow Laws • Separate But Equal • Many African American leaders tried to get equal rights: Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. DuBois, Ida Wells Barnett, Marcus Garvey

4. World War Two • Fought in segregated (separated) units • Many men died • President Truman ordered desegregation in the military • Men came home from war and faced discrimination

5. No Segregation in SCHOOLS • U.S. Supreme Court: • Segregation in Schools is illegal • 1954 • Case: Brown Vs. Board of Education • Linda Brown lived near a white-only school • She had to take a bus to an African American School • It was not the same quality

6. Rosa Parks • Rosa Parks got on a bus: sat in the middle • She refused to get up for a white man • 1955 • She was arrested and taken to jail • People started a boycott and refused to ride buses

7. Montgomery Bus Boycott • African Americans (and some whites) refused to ride on buses • They carpooled or walked • It lasted over a year • Supreme Court: declared that segregation on buses was illegal

8. Passive Resistance • Passive Resistance: to oppose something without using violence • Sit-ins: • African Americans sat in white only sections of restaurants all day or until they were served • Restaurants, park benches, theatres, lunch counters

9. Passive Resistance • Passive Resistance: • Freedom Rides: • African Americans and white Americans rode buses through the South • Made sure the laws were being followed • Many were threatened, beaten, or arrested

10. Passive Resistance • Passive Resistance: • Marches: • African Americans and white Americans would walk and march • Holding signs • Police often attacked

11. Martin Luther King Jr. • Preacher • Speaker for Civil Rights • Helped African Americans gain the rights to vote, go to good schools, get good jobs, and enjoy freedoms

12. Martin Luther King Jr. • Organized a march in Washington, D.C. • Wanted Congress to pass a Civil Rights Bill • More than 200,000 Americans came • Gave his I Have a Dreamspeech • 1968: King was assassinated

13. Civil Rights Act of 1964 • President Kennedy supported civil rights • He wanted to pass a bill in Congress • He was assassinated • Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to honor him

14. Civil Rights Act of 1964 • Banned segregation in all public places • 1 year later: • Voting Rights Act of 1965: PROTECTED the rights of African Americans to vote

15. Malcolm X • Civil Rights leader • Didn’t believe white Americans would EVER support civil rights • Later said that blacks and whites should work together • Malcolm X was assassinated while speaking

16. Help of Television • Americans watched the passive resistance and saw the Jim Crow Laws on the t.v. • They developed sympathy for African Americans