The Struggle Over Foreign Policy

1. The Struggle Over Foreign Policy Chapter 6 Section 2

2. What is the name of the group that advises the president? • The Cabinet

3. Who was chosen as the first Secretary of State? • Thomas Jefferson

4. Who was chosen the first Secretary of War? • Henry Knox

5. What product began being taxed that made farmers mad during Washington’s first term? • Whiskey Why was the tax placed on whiskey? • To raise money to pay off the war debt

6. Why did political parties begin to develop? • Disagreements over the size and power of government

7. Focus: How did foreign policy challenges affect political debate and shape American government?

8. 1) The Ohio Valley A) The British: • Britain gave America lots of territory west of the Appalachian Mountains. • Didn’t move their forts • Supplied Native Americans with guns to fight the Americans.

9. 1) The Ohio Valley B) The Tide Turns: • 1790-1794: The Native Americans, lead by war chief Little Turtle are successful against the American forces. • 1794: At the Battle of Fallen Timbers American troops lead by General Wayne won a decisive victory. • The Native Americans had to accept his peace terms.

10. War Chief Little Turtle

11. General Anthony Wayne

13. 1) The Ohio Valley C) Outcomes: • The Treaty of Greenville: Native American leaders gave most of Ohio to the U.S. Government. Why was the Battle of Fallen Timbers significant? • Showed that the U.S. Government was stronger than groups of Native Americas. • American government could also sell the land to settlers and make money

14. 2) American Relations with Europe: A) Responding to the French Revolution: • 1789: Americans were excited to hear about the French Revolution: • Republican partners against the world of kings • 1793: French Revolution starts to get bloody • Execute thousands of opponents • Declare war on Britain

16. 2) American Relations with Europe: B) Americans Divide: • Democratic Republicans didn’t like the executions but still supported the new French Republic • Federalists decided that the French revolutionaries are just chaotic people who want destroy religion and social order.

17. 2) American Relations with Europe: C) Trade: • 90% of Americas trade is with Britain • Federal government made most of its money from these tariffs. • If America entered the conflict it would lose the trade with Britain and the Federal government could go bankrupt.

18. Bankrupt:

19. 2) American Relations with Europe: D) Neutrality: • Both political parties knew America was too weak to get involved • 1793: President Washington declares America neutral • Becomes Americas foreign policy towards Europe until the 20th century

20. 2) American Relations with Europe: E) Britain: • Britain responded by capturing American ships trading with the French West Indies. • This adds to American anger towards the British • 1974: To avoid war with Britain, Washington sent John Jay to London to negotiate a treaty.

22. 2) American Relations with Europe: E) Britain: • Jay’s Treaty of 1794: • Britain gave up most of their forts in America • Britain kept attacking American ships • America had to repay prewar debts • Federalists favored the compromise

24. 2) American Relations with Europe: E) Britain: • Jay’s Treaty of 1794: • Britain gave up most of their forts in America • Britain kept attacking American ships • America had to repay war debts • Federalists favored the compromise • Democratic Republicans thought it was a sellout

25. 2) American Relations with Europe: F) Spain: • 1795: Spainwas worried a British-American treaty would threaten them • Americans got to ship down the Mississippi River and through New Orleans • Set up the official boundary between Georgia and Spanish owned Florida.

26. 3) Washington’s Farewell: • 1792: Reelected • 1796: Refuses to run again. • Set a precedent (Two terms) and proved he was no king • Warns America not to have political parties, but to favor political unity • Also, not to enter into “entangling alliances” that might lead to war. • John Adams becomes the second president

27. 4) Parties Debate Foreign Policy: A) XYZ Affair: • The French began seizing American ships, because they were mad the Americans had signed Jay’s Treaty. • President Adams sent diplomats to France to sign a peace treaty, but the French terms were too high. • America becomes united in their dislike of France • Congress expands the army and builds a small navy that is able to win a few battles with the French navy.

28. 4) Parties Debate Foreign Policy: B) The Alien and Sedition Acts: • Alien Act: Congress can deport citizens who criticize the federal government. • Sedition Acts: Makes it a crime for citizens to discredit the federal government.

29. Congress Fights Over the Sedition Act:

30. 4) Parties Debate Foreign Policy: C) The Election of 1800: • The Alien and Sedition Acts were extremely unpopular. • John Adams and the Federal party were blamed • Thomas Jefferson, a Democratic-Republican won the election becomes the third president. • The transition of power, PEACEFULLY, from one party to another, is another important precedent in American government.

31. 5) Homework! • Finish your project!