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POLITICAL REVIVAL IN THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES

POLITICAL REVIVAL IN THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES. Obj : to determine how medieval rulers created stable lands by identifying changes in politics and economics by new leaders. KINGDOM OF ENGLAND UNDER CANUTE. THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENGLAND AS A UNIFIED LAND. ALFRED THE GREAT 878 EXTENDS ROYAL RULE & LAW

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POLITICAL REVIVAL IN THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES

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  1. POLITICAL REVIVAL IN THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES Obj: to determine how medieval rulers created stable lands by identifying changes in politics and economics by new leaders.

  2. KINGDOM OF ENGLAND UNDER CANUTE

  3. THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENGLAND AS A UNIFIED LAND ALFRED THE GREAT 878 EXTENDS ROYAL RULE & LAW ROLE OF SHIRES 1013 VIKING INVASION & KING CANUTE 1016-1035 ENGLAND CENTER OF HIS EMPIRE & USES ASSIMILATION & RECONCILIATION KING EDWARD 1042-1066 STEP- SON OF CANUTE HEIRLESS SO WHO SUCCEEDS? Harold Godwinson crowned by Eng. Nobles 1022-66, King Harald III of Norway grandson of Canute (1045-66r) or Wm. Of Normandy, son of Edward’s cousin & descendant of 1st settlers of Normandy

  4. WILLIAM OF NORMANDY • MAJOR PLAYER IN NORMANDY • UNITED HIS VASSALS • READY TO CLAIM RIGHTFUL TITLE OF KING OF ENGLAND • INVADES ENGLAND 1066 • HAROLD & HARALD EXHAUSTED FROM FIGHTING • VICTORIOUS & BECOMES KING OF ENGLAND • SETS OUT TO UNIFY LANDS, VASSALS, POPULACE

  5. TRANSFORMING ENGLAND INTO A UNIFIED MONARCHY • LIMITED POWER OF VASSALS & CLERGY • PRESERVED SHIRES BUT REPLACED WITH NORMANS • RETAINED WRIT, ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER WRITTEN IN VERNACULAR • INTRODUCED NORMAN INQUEST RESULTING IN THE DOMESDAY BOOK 1085-1086 • POPULATION, WHO HELD WHAT LAND, DISPUTES B/W VASSALS • A CENSUS OF EVERYTHING

  6. FINANCES: THERE’S NEVER ENOUGH MONEY • EXPANSION COSTS $$$ • HENRY I (1100-1135) • OFFICE OF THE EX-CHEQUER 1ST INSTITU-TION OF GOV’T BUREAU-CRACY- MONEY MANAGER • MANY REVENUE SOURCES • Taxes by peasants on estate • Danegeld – tribute to Danes • Dona- annual gift from church • Fines, payments as lord to vassals

  7. SLOW UNIFICATION OF THEWESTERN FRANKISH KINGDOMLOUIS VI & ILE DE FRANCE

  8. MAINTAINING UNITY & STRENGTH • CAPETIANS REPLACE CAROLINGIANS 987: HUGH CAPET • SUCCESSION SOLVED • GOAL: INCREASE SIZE OF ROYAL DOMAIN W/ ILE DE FRANCE AS NUCLEUS • MANY INDEPENDENT PROVINCES THAT DIFFERED GREATLY • LOUIS VI 1108-1137 KING OF ST. DENIS

  9. UNIFICATION UNDER PHILIP II r.1180-1123Grandson of Louis VI • “AUGUSTUS” DUE TO AMOUNT OF LAND ADDED TO KINGDOM • NORMANDY – KING JOHN OF ENGLAND (r.1199-1216) VASSAL TO PHILIP & DERELICT IN RESPON-SIBILITIES • ALL OF NORTHERN FRANCE • CREATED METHOD OF COMMUNICATION B/W CENTRAL & LOCAL GOV’T USING BAILLIS (N) & SENESCHALS (S) RESPONSIBLE TO THE KING • AGENTS NOT FROM PROVINCE OF ORIGIN • ROYAL INTERSTES SUPERSEDED LOCAL ONES – FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF FRENCH GOV’T • PROVINCES RETAINED OWN LAWS & INSTITUTIONS

  10. FINANCES: THERE’S NEVER ENOUGH MONEY • INCOME FROM ROYAL ESTATES IN THE ILE DE FRANCE • AGENTS RESPONSIBLE FOR TAX & FINE COLLECTION • HOST TALLAGE UNDER LOUIS IX (1226-1270) MILITARY OBLIGATION TURNED INTO CASH PYMT • JEWS OVERTAXED • CHURCH RESPONSIBLE FOR SOCIAL SERVICES • PEOPLE BELIEVED FRENCH KINGS SHOULD LIVE OFF INCOME OF OWN LAND • TAX=WAR & SO SLOW TO DEVELOP BUREAU OF FINANCE

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