1 / 61

THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT

THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT. CAUSES. millions of blacks served in World War II new militancy and restlessness after 1945 was generated by the war a large and strong black middle class had developed by that time television had allowed many blacks to see what racism was depriving them of.

Download Presentation

THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT

  2. CAUSES • millions of blacks served in World War II • new militancy and restlessness after 1945 was generated by the war • a large and strong black middle class had developed by that time • television had allowed many blacks to see what racism was depriving them of

  3. Eisenhower & CIVIL RIGHTS

  4. Support for Civil Rights • Eisenhower • had criticized President Truman’s call for establishing a permanent Fair Employment Practices Commission • attitude toward racial justice = notinclinedtoward promoting integration

  5. 1950s • most governmental advances in civil rights came from the judicial branch & the Supreme Court • Congress had abdicated its responsibilities by refusing to deal with the issue

  6. 1954

  7. 1954: Brown v. Topeka Board of Ed. • declared that the concept of “separate but equal” facilities for blacks and whites was unconstitutional • ruled racially segregated school systems were “inherently unequal” was • overturned its earlier decision in Plessy v. Ferguson • ordered desegregation “with all deliberate speed” (no timetable)

  8. 1955

  9. 1955: Montgomery Bus Boycott • Trigger : the arrest of Rosa Parks • Results : the bus line was desegregated • Supreme Court (1956) declared segregation on public transportation illegal • most significant accomplishment: • led to Martin Luther King , Jr., as aprominent civil rights leader

  10. “massive resistance” • Slogan associated with Arkansas Governor, Orval Faubus and southern opposition to the Brown decision

  11. 1956

  12. 1956: Southern Manifesto • written by southern members of Congress in response to the Brown decision • Two southern congressmen who did not sign this : • Al Gore Sr. (TN) • LBJ (TX)

  13. 1957

  14. 1957: Little Rock • Resistance to integration of Little Rock High School (Arkansas) • Governor Orval Faubus refused to stop the resistance • Forced Eisenhower to send in federal troops • Little Rock Nine • African American Students escorted to school with federal troops

  15. 1960

  16. The “sit-in” movement • early 1960s • 1960 – North Carolina • First “sit-in” • launched by young southern blacks • resulted in the integration of some public eating facilities • SNCC (pronounced snick) • Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee • outgrowth of the “sit-in” movement • Stokely Carmicheal • SNCC leader

  17. KENNEDY & CIVIL RIGHTS

  18. Support for Civil Rights • JFK • moved very slowly at first • needed the support of southern legislators to pass economic and social legislation • By mid-1963 , committed • to finding a solution to this moral issue

  19. 1961

  20. 1961: Freedom Riders • aimed at the desegregation of bus stations • Kennedy sent federal marshals to protect the Freedom Riders

  21. 1962

  22. 1962: James Meredith • Mississippi Governor Ross Barnett refused to enforce federal court order to enroll James Meredith ( first black student) in the University of Mississippi (“Old Miss”) • Kennedy ordered use of federal troops to force the racial integration of University of Mississippi

  23. 1962 • Voter registration drives in deep south • Jackie Robinson inducted into baseball Hall of fame

  24. 1963

  25. 1963 • (April- May)Birmingham, Alabama • “bombingham” • Eugene “Bull” Connor • Children’s March • SCLC • MLK • Letter from a Birmingham Jail • (June)Medger Evers murdered • NAACP leader • (August)March on Washington

  26. August 28 1963: March on Washington, D.C. • high-water mark of peaceful interracial civil rights demonstrations • MLK delivers his “I have a Dream” speech

  27. Following the racial violence in Alabama and Mississippi in 1962 and 1963, President Kennedy introduced legislation to end segregation in public accommodations • At the time of his death, President John Kennedy’s civil rights bill was making little headway

  28. JOHNSON & CIVIL RIGHTS

  29. 1964

  30. 1964: Twenty-fourth Amendment • The common use of poll taxes to inhibit black voters in the South was outlawed

  31. Civil Rights Act of 1964 • landmark legislation • creation of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission • banning racial discrimination in most private facilities open to the public • banning sexual as well as racial discrimination • prohibiting discrimination based on gender

  32. 1964: Freedom Summer • the chief goal • secure the right to vote • voter registration in the deep south • “Mississippi Burning” • Three Civil Rights workers murderedby KKK • Andrew Goodman • James Earl Cheney • Michael Henry Schwerner • Resulted in FBI investigation

  33. 1964: Selma to Montgomery March • Protest march in Alabama • After marchers violently stopped (“bloody Sunday”) • completed w/ protection of federal troops

  34. 1965

  35. Voting Rights Act of 1965 • designed to enfranchise black voters • ensure the voting rights of blacks • Results: white southerners began to court black votes

  36. 1965: Watts Riot • Los Angeles • symbolized the more militant and confrontational phase of the civil rights movement

  37. 1968

  38. March ,1968: Kerner Commission “This is our basic conclusion: Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black , one white –separate and unequal.”

  39. 1968: MLK Assassinated • By James Earl Ray • massive racial unrest and rioting erupted in more than sixty American cities as a result of the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.

  40. April,1968: Eulogy for MLK by RFK “For those of you who are black – considering the evidence … that there were white people who were responsible – you can be filled with bitterness , with hatred, and a desire for revenge . We can move in that direction as a country , in great polarization – black people amongst black , white people amongst white, filled with hatred toward one another. Or we can make an effort as, Martin Luther King did , to understand and comprehend , and to replace that violence , that stain of bloodshed that has spread across our land ,with and effort to understand with compassion and love.” …

  41. George Wallace • 1968 third party presidential candidate who promoted: • fewer social welfare programs • a halt to the forced bussing of students

  42. Race Riots • erupted in • New York • Los Angeles • Detroit • 1968 : The Commission on Civil Disorders issued a report that recommended massive spending to improve conditions in the ghettos

  43. Civil Rights Leaders • Medger Evers • NAACP leader • Martin Luther King , Jr. • SCLC leader • advocate of peaceable resistance • Stokely Carmichael • SNCC leader • advocate of “Black Power.” • Malcolm X • Black Muslims Leader • favored black separatism

  44. Black Power • In late 1960s, Black Power advocates in the North focused on economic demands • Some advocates of Black Power insisted slogan stood for • emphasizing African – American distinctiveness • pride in black identity and culture • exercising their political and economic rights • black control of black communities • the attempt to exclude sympathetic whites from the movement

  45. 1968: Stokely Carmichael “This is the twenty-seventh time I have been arrested – and I ain’t going to jail no more !… We been saying freedom for six years – and we ain’t got nothin’. What we’re gonna start saying now is BLACK POWER.”

  46. 1964 :Malcolm X “Concerning nonviolence: It is criminal to teach a man not to defend himself when he is the constant victim of brutal attacks . It is legal and lawful to own a shotgun or a rifle. We believe in obeying the law…The time has come for the American Negro to fight back in self-defense whenever and wherever he is being unjustly and unlawfully attacked.”

  47. 1965 :Malcolm X “Well, if you and I don’t use the ballot , we’re going to be forced to use the bullet. So let us try the ballot.” • Ballots or Bullets Speech

  48. Malcolm X : 1925-1965 Gunned down three months before his 40th birthday, Malcolm X's life was cut short just when his thinking had reached a critical juncture.

  49. 1966:Black Panthers • Emerged from the Black Power movement • Influenced by the ideas of • Malcolm X • Founders included • Huey Newton • Bobby Seale

  50. Black Panther Leader: Bobby Seale

More Related