Colonizing the New World

1. Colonizing the New World AHSGE Section 3

2. Terms Section 3.1 • Colony – an area under the control of a distant country • The Spanish Century – a 100 year period that began after 1492 in which Spain was the dominant power in the New World • America – name given to the New World • Conquistadors – Spanish adventurers and conquerors in the New World • St. Augustine – fort built by the Spanish in Florida to protect shipping and colonies in the Caribbean

3. The Spanish Century • The Spanish crown authorized for Columbus to establish a colony. • He colonized Hispaniola, present day Haiti • Wasn’t successful • German map maker named the New World “America” • Columbus wasn’t famous • Amerigo Vespucci was famous

4. Conquistadors • Motivation was God, Glory, & Gold • Ponce de Leon – searched for a fountain of youth in Florida • De Soto – explored the southeastern section of North America from Florida to Texas • Coronado – explored the southwest • Cabrillo – explored the west coast as far north as Oregon

5. St. Augustine • As gold & silver began to flow out of the colonies to the Spanish treasury, other European nations began to want what Spain had. • Spain built a fort at St. Augustine, Florida to protect their ships in the Caribbean. • First permanent European settlement in U.S.

6. Terms Section 3.2 • Northwest Passage – a sea route around the top of North America to the Far East • Samuel de Champlain – French explorer who founded the colony of Quebec on the St. Lawrence River • Robert LaSalle – French explorer who followed the Mississippi River to its mouth and claimed the land drained be the river for France • Louisiana – land in the Mississippi River basin claimed by France • Iroquois – large group of Native Americans in the North • Jesuits – catholic missionaries from France to the North American Indians • Huguenots – French Protestants who were forbidden to emigrate to French colonies in North America

7. France in the New World • The first goal of other European nations was to find a northern route around the Americas to the Far East. • Samuel de Champlain started the colony of Quebec on the St. Lawrence River. • Became fur traders • Weren’t interested in land • Robert LaSalle followed the MS River and claimed the land for the French.

8. Terms Section 3.3 • Netherlands – another name for Holland • Henry Hudson – Dutch explorer who sailed down the Hudson River • New Netherlands – Dutch colony in the Hudson River Valley • Dutch East India Company – company that sponsored the Dutch colonies in America • New York City – name given to New Amsterdam when the British took over the colony • New Amsterdam – a city in the Dutch colony of New Netherlands • Cultural diversity – many different kinds of people with their own customs and languages

9. The Dutch in North America • Netherlands depended on trade for survival • Built the largest merchant fleet in Europe • Dutch established trading posts on Manhattan Island & in the Hudson River Valley • Offered large tracts of land to anyone who would hire & transport 50 people to live on the land. • Rules weren’t very strict b/c the goal was to get as many people in the colony as possible. • English would eventually take over the Neterlands

10. Terms Section 3.4 • Sea dogs – English pirates that attacked Spanish ships • The lost colony – colony planted on Roanoke Island in 1587 that disappeared before supplies arrived • Joint-Stock Company – a company that issued stock to raise money for the its business ventures • Jamestown – first permanent English settlement in North America • Captain John Smith – military officer who helped the Jamestown colony survive the first few years • Tobacco – crop grown by the Virginia colony to earn profits for the company • Indentured Servants – people who worked for 5-7 years in exchange for passage to the colony

11. Terms Section 3.4 • House of Burgesses – the first representative body in the English colonies • Anglican church – the church of England that replaced the Catholic church • Separatists – Protestants who wanted to separate from the Anglican church b/c it was “too Catholic” • Mayflower Compact – agreement by members of the Plymouth colony to abide be the laws they made

12. The English in America • England found great wealth in raiding Spanish ships • Wanted to have a base in the colonies to attack the Spanish from. • Desire for an American base was what lead to the first attempts at English colonies in North America. • First English colony in America was planted on Roanoke Island. • Colony failed b/c supply ships were delayed by the Spanish. • Called the lost colony b/c nobody knows what happened to any of the colonists

13. Jamestown • England established Jamestown. • Early years were a disaster • Built fort in swampy area, mosquitoes proved deadly to colonists • Colonists not used to physical labor • Didn’t find gold but did develop a pure kind of tobacco that proved golden. • Required labor & land • Took land from Indians • Imported indentured servants for labor

14. Jamestown • To attract more people to the colony, company began giving land to settlers. • Gave settlers a voice in running the colony by setting up the House of Burgesses. • First ship of women and indentured servants arrived in 1619.

15. Plymouth Colony • Separated from the Anglican church • Called Pilgrims • Came aboard the Mayflower • Drew up the Mayflower Compact calling for equal treatment and laws • Local Indians helped separatists to grow food giving rise to the modern holiday “Thanksgiving”

16. Terms Section 3.5 • Indigenous – people who are native or original to an area • Native Americans – people who were already in the Americas when Europeans arrived • Indians – name given to the indigenous people that Columbus encountered in the Caribbean • Destabilization – terms that means to weaken a society or people • Nomads – people who wander from place to place with no permanent home

17. Native Americans • Columbus’ encounter w/ Native Americans marked the beginning of the end of Indian tribes. • European diseases destroyed native populations • Spanish introduced horses • Became a symbol of wealth & power

18. Reasons for the Destabilization of Native American Societies • Harsh treatment • Military conquests • Forced labor • European diseases